CEMPM MT Coverage

Lesson 1-6

Construction Project

It is a series of interrelated construction tasks which are undertaken in a systematic order over a temporary time frame and result in a tangible product or outcome. The product can be anything from a house, to bridge or renovation of an existing building.

Types of Construction Projects

Residential
Renovation
Fit-out
Commercial
Industrial
Roadworks
Bridges
Mid-rise & High-rise Buildings
Institutional
Railway Engineering
Ports, Harbors & Coastal Engineering
Transportation Facilities
Dams
Green Building
Special Facility Structures

Construction contract

A _ is a legally binding set of documents typically between a contractor who is taking on the work and the owner who is requiring the work.

Construction contracts

_ are comprehensive covering everything including cost and payment terms, schedule, scope, specific tasks to be performed, and any other contract terms required by one of the two parties. The contract also notes how any disputes should be handled.

Elements of Construction Contract

Scope of Work
Project Timeline
Payment Terms
Project Milestones
Change Orders
Termination Clause
Warranties and Liabilities
Dispute Resolution Methods

SCOPE OF WORKS

Outlines the specific tasks, deliverables, and timeline for a project, acting as a detailed blueprint for project execution. It clarifies what work is included and excluded from the project.

PROJECT TIMELINE

Visual representation of a project's schedule, showing the sequence and duration of task.

PAYMENT TERMS

it defines how and when a contractor is paid for their work, ensuring fair & timely compensation.

PROJECT MILESTONES

are specific significant events or accomplishments that mark the progress and achievements in project.

CHANGE ORDER

It is a formal written amendment to a construction contract that modifies the original terms and condition. It is used to document and approve alterations to the project's scope, schedule or cost, typically arising from the design changes, unforeseen site conditions or owner requests.

TERMINATION CLAUSE

is a contractual provision that outlines the conditions and procedures for ending a contract agreement. It specifies the circumstances which the contract can be terminated

Breach of Contract

A termination clause that covers Failure to fulfill obligations

Non-payment

A termination clause that covers Failure to make payments

Convenience

A termination clause that covers Termination without cause

Force majeure

A termination clause that covers Unforeseen events beyond control

WARRANTIES & LIABILTIES

A contractual agreement guaranteeing that the contractor will repair or replace defective workmanship or materials for a specific period after completion.

DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS

process used to resolve conflicts or disagreements between parties

Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration, Litigation

DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS METHODS

NEGOTIATION

Direct communication to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

MEDIATION

A neutral third-party facilitates a discussion to reach a resolution

ARBITRATION

A neutral third-party makes a binding decision

LITIGATION

A court-based process where a judge or jury makes a decision

Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC)

In the Philippines, construction disputes are primarily resolved through arbitration, with the _ holding exclusive jurisdiction. ’s jurisdiction is triggered when parties agree to resolve disputes via arbitration, whether through a contract clause or a separate arbitration agreement

The Philippine Construction Industry Arbitration Law (Republic Act No. 876)

___ supports arbitration as a means of resolving construction disputes

The Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004 (R.A. 9285)

provides the legal framework for this, requiring Regional Trial Courts to dismiss cases and refer them to CIAC if the patties have agreed to arbitration. This law sets the stage for ADR in the Philippines, including arbitration.

Executive Order No. 1008

This order specifically addresses construction disputes and reinforces CIAC's authority.

Regional Trial Courts

If a construction dispute is filed in a and the court later learns of an arbitration agreement, the court must dismiss the case and refer it to CIAC

Arbitration Agreement

Parties must have a valid arbitration agreement, either in the construction contract or as a separate document, to trigger CIAC's jurisdiction.

CIAC Rules

The CIAC follows its own set of rules for conducting arbitrations, which are usually outlined in the contract or a separate agreement.

Arbitration Award

The CIAC renders an award, which is legally binding and enforceable

Construction Project Management (CPM)

is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a construction project from beginning to completion.

Construction Project Management (CPM)

Its purpose is to meet client requirements and produce a functionally and financially viable project that is delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.

• Multiple phases
• Diverse stakeholders
• Strict regulations, budgets, and timelines

Construction projects are complex and involve:

• Efficient use of resources
• Minimization of delays and COSt overruns
• Improved quality, safety, and communication

Effective management ensures:

Time Management, Cost Control, Quality Assurance, Risk Management, Scope Management, Communication Management

Key Objectives ot CPM

Time Management

Ensuring the project is completed on schedule.

Cost Control

Keeping the project Within the budget.

Quality Assurance

Ensuring the project meets required standards,

Risk Management

Identifying and mitigating potential issues.

Scope Management

Preventing scope creep and managing changes.

Communication Management

Coordinating among various stakeholders.

Traditional Construction, Modular Construction, Sustainable Construction

Construction Methods

Traditional Construction

Involves standard practices such as masonry, wood framing, and concrete pouring.

Modular Construction

Prefabricated sections are built off-site and assembled on-site, reducing construction time and waste.

Sustainable Construction

Focuses on environmentally friendly practices, using sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs.

Initiation, Planning and Design, Execution, Monitoring and Controlling, Closure

Major Phases of a Construction Project

Initiation

Project idea, feasibility analysis, and defining objectives.

Planning & Design

Developing blueprints, scheduling, budgeting, and defining the project scope.

Execution (Construction)

Physical construction activities begin. Coordination among contractors, subcontractors, and workers is key.

Monitoring and Controlling

Tracking progress, managing changes, ensuring quality and safety.

Closure

Project handover, final inspections, documentation, and client approval.

Client / Owner, Architects / Engineers, Contractors / Subcontractors, Suppliers / Vendors, Government / Regulatory Bodies, Other Interested Parties

Key Stakeholders in Construction Project Management

• Gantt Charts and Schedules
• Critical Path Method (CPM)
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• Earned Value Management (EVM)
• Project Management Software (e.g.,
MS Project, Primavera, Procore)
• BIM (Building Information Modeling)

Common Tools & Techniques in CPM

Minimizes risks and delays
Optimizes resource utilization
Enhances communication and collaboration
Ensures compliance with codes and regulations
Delivers quality results to stakeholders

Benefits of Effective Construction Project Management

• Unexpected delays and cost overruns
• Labor shortages or disputes
• Weather-related disruptions
• Regulatory hurdles
• Poor communication among stakeholders

Challenges in Construction Project Management

Construction Project Management

is essential to deliver safe, timely, and cost-effective projects. It involves collaboration, planning, and constant oversight.

Project Manager

A good _ drives success by balancing scope, time, and cost.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ORGANIZATION

It refers to the structured framework
used to manage people, processes, and resources involved in a construction project

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ORGANIZATION

It defines roles, responsibilities, and
communication flow to ensure that the project is executed efficiently, safely, on time, and within budget.

Clear accountability
Improved communication
Efficient workflow
Risk management
Better resource allocation.

IMPORTANCE OF AN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Owner / Client
Architects & Engineers
Contractor

MAIN PROJECT PARTICIPANTS

OWNER/CLIENT

They are the project initiator and typically define the project scope, objectives, and budget. They are responsible for providing project funding, setting project goals, and approving major project decisions.

ENGINEERS

• With specialized expertise in various fields, these individuals deal with civil, structural, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

ENGINEERS

• They are responsible for designing systems and structures that meet safety standards and project specifications. __ collaborate with architects to integrate technical aspects into the design.

ARCHITECTS

_ and designers are responsible for creating the project's design and plans, which ensure everything aligns with the client's vision and complies with local building codes.

ARCHITECTS

They are also responsible for coordinating with other design professionals and preparing construction documents.

CONTRACTOR

is responsible for taking the owner's vision and the architect's plans to turn them into reality. They bring together the resources, manage the work, and ensure the project is completed as it should be.

PROJECT TEAM

This includes project managers, engineers, architects, and other team members directly involved in the project's execution.

Project Manager (PM), Construction Manager, Planning/scheduling Engineer, Quality Assurance/control (QAIQC),Safety Officer, Administrative Officer, Site Engineers, Site Supervisor or Foreman

PROJECT TEAM

Project Manager (PM)

Oversees planning, execution, and delivery; manages budget, schedule, risks, and team coordination

Construction Manager

Directs site operations, coordinates trades and subcontractors, ensures daily progress.

Planning/scheduling Engineer

Develops project schedule, monitors progress, updates timelines, reports delays.

Quality Assurance/control (QAIQC) Manager

Ensures construction meets design specs and standards, manages inspections and testing.

Safety Officer

Implements safety plans, conducts toolbox meetings, ensures regulatory compliance.

Administrative Officer

Handles permits, contracts, payroll, document control, and communication logs.

Site Engineers

Execute technical details on site, interpret drawings, supervise foremen.

Site Supervisor or Foreman

Lead laborers, supervise daily tasks, ensure safety and productivity on the ground.

BEST PRACTICES

• Clearly define roles and
communication lines.
• Use a RACI Matrix (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed).
• Hold regular coordination meetings.
• Implement digital project management tools for efficiency.
• Conduct training for team development and compliance.

Success

A well-defined organizational structure in construction project management is critical to a project's .

Regulatory Bodies

Government agencies and regulatory authorities that ensure the project complies with legal and safety standards. | Other Interested Parties

Local Communities

Residents and businesses in the vicinity of the construction site who may be affected by the project. | Other Interested Parties

Investors and Financiers

Parties providing financial backing for the project, interested in its economic viability and return on investment. | Other Interested Parties

Environmental Groups

Organizations concerned with the environmental impact of the project. | Other Interested Parties

Construction Project Cycle

Refers to the series of phases that a construction project passes through, from initial conception to completion and handover. Understanding this cycle in depth helps ensure successful project management, effective resource utilization, and timely delivery.

Construction Project Cycle

Initiation and Feasibility Study

Planning and Design

Pre-Construction

Construction/Execution

Commissioning and Handover

Operation and Maintenance

Close-out and Evaluation

Initiation and Feasibility Study

Objective:

• Identify the need for the project and assess its viability.

Activities:

• Market analysis, site assessment, and initial cost estimation.
• Feasibility studies considering technical, financial, legal, and environmental factors.

Outcome:

• Decision if the project should proceed to planning.

Planning and Design

Objective:

• Develop detailed plans, specifications, and schedules.

Activities:

• Architectural and Engineering design.
• Cost estimation and Budgeting.
  Scheduling (Gantt charts, Critical Path Method).
• Permitting and Approvals.
• Procurement Planning.

Outcome:

• Complete project design documents and a clear roadmap for construction.

Pre-Construction

Objective:

• Prepare for construction activities.

Activities:

• Tendering and Contractor selection.
• Contract negotiations and Awarding.
• Procurement of materials and equipment.
• Site preparation and mobilization.

Outcome:

• Contract signed, resources and personnel ready, and the site prepared.

Construction / Execution

Objective:

• Actual building of the project according to plans.

Activities:

• Site management and quality control.
• Coordination among trades and subcontractors.
• Monitoring progress against schedule and budget.
• Addressing unforeseen issues or changes.

Outcome:

• Physical completion of the project, meeting specified standards.

Commissioning and Handover

Objective:

• Ensure the project functions correctly and is ready to operate.

Activities:

• Testing systems and equipment.
• Training client personnel.
• Final inspections.
• Obtaining occupancy or operation permits.

Outcome:

• Formal handover to client, sign-off on completion.

Operation and Maintenance

Objective:

• Ensure the long-term functionality and sustainability of the project.

Activities:

• Regular maintenance.
• Monitoring performance.
• Addressing issues that arise during operation.

Outcome:

• Longevity and efficiency of the completed project.

Close-out & Evaluation

Objective:

• Review project performance and document lessons learned.

Activities:

• Final reports and documentation.
• Evaluation of project objectives versus outcomes.
• Archiving project data for future reference.

Outcome:

• Project closure and knowledge for future projects.

Construction Project Cycle

The _ is a structured sequence that ensures projects are delivered efficiently, within scope, time, and budget.

risks, improves communication, leads to successful project completion

Proper management of each phase reduces ____ , _____, and ______

Construction specifications

are detailed written instructions describing the materials, standards, workmanship, and installation procedures required for a project.
Purpose:
Guide contractors and subcontractors.
Ensure quality and uniformity.
Serve as a basis for bids and contract enforcement.
Facilitate quality control and assurance.

Descriptive Specifications
Performance Specifications
Proprietary Specifications
Reference Specifications

Types of Construction Specifications:

Descriptive Specifications

Detail the properties of materials and workmanship. | Types of Construction Specifications

Performance Specifications

Specify desired outcomes or performance criteria rather than materials. | Types of Construction Specifications

Proprietary Specification

Mention specific brands or products to be used. | Types of Construction Specifications

Reference Specifications

Refer to external standards or codes. | Types of Construction Specifications