Statistics and Sampling Methods

These flashcards cover key concepts related to statistics and sampling methods discussed in the lecture.

Population

The totality defined by the researcher, which includes all elements that are of interest in a study.

Sample

A subset of the population selected for measurement or observation.

Simple Random Sampling

A sampling method where each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.

Random Sample

A sample that is chosen in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included, removing selection bias.

Selection Bias

A bias that occurs when individuals in a sample are not representative of the population due to preferences or preselection.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics that describe the basic features of the data in a study, providing simple summaries about the sample.

Sampling with Replacement

A sampling method where an individual is chosen and then returned to the population before the next individual is selected.

Sampling without Replacement

A sampling method where an individual is chosen and not returned to the population, affecting future selections.

Analytical Thinking

The ability to think critically and solve problems, particularly when seeking answers that are not already known.

Unique Number Assignment

The process of assigning a distinct identifier to each member of the population for the purpose of random sampling.