Chemistry Homework Week 3 Quiz 3 - Concepts PART 1

Angular quantum number l, the # of possible orbital configurations

What is the only relevant factor to determine how many electrons are described by a quantum number?

l

How to find the number of ANGULAR nodes?

n - l - 1

How to find the number of RADIAL nodes?

n-1

How to find the TOTAL number of nodes?

Wavefunction oscillates between positive and negative, always the same magnitude. Wavefunction represents the state, not probability of the actual electron.

Wavefunction vs wavefunction squared (only describe the wavefunction)

Schrodinger's to show how particles move

What equation does the wavefunction satisfy?

Radial probability, the likelihood of finding an electron in a particular orbital at a certain distance from nucleus

Psi(x) and R only show _____________, not actual distance.

Always take l*2 cause each can hold 2 electrons, with different spins

In n=4, what is the maximum number of electrons occupying each of the following states:

Complex

Radial probability is more __________ at higher shells and energy levels

2l + 1 orbitals total

How many orbitals does each l have?

a0 = Bohr's radius = 52.9 picometers

Psi(x) is the wavefunction, while psi(x))^2 is the radial probability function. What is the x-axis unit of measurement for radial probability graph?

Occupy the same orbital - have the same n, l, and m sub l, with different spins

How can two electrons have the same radial probability graph?

Angular node = when nucleus is crossed, no matter how many times. There are no angular nodes on the radial probability graphs

Where is the angular node on wavefunction graphs? Is it in the same place for radial probability graphs?

Humps = n - l, # of radial nodes + 1

For radial probability functions: how to find the number of humps to draw?

Angular number aka l

For radial probability functions, what dictates the # of nodes for diagrams within the same energy level?

Wavelength, change in energy, energy of a particular molecule, energy of a photon

What can the equation E = hc/lambda be used to solve for?

Wavelengths, 1.097*10^7 m-1

What is the Rydberg constant R used to find?

En (Energy at the principal number) = (n^2)(h^2)/8(mass)(length of the particle box)

For the particle in a box method, what is the formula to find energy of an electron at a particular energy level (shell)?

Psi(r, theta, phi0) = R(r) * Y(theta, phi)

What is the wavefunction in spherical terms?

Radial wave function, r is the distance from the nucleus m or a0

What is R(r) in the wavefunction equation?

Shape and direction

What does Y(theta, phi) dictate in the wavefunction?

(2-r/a0)

When identifying places where R(r) = 0 (nodes) then the e term must be disregarded. For n=2, what is the polynomial component that would be set equal to 0?

2-rho = 2-Zr/na0

When trying to find the radial wave function for a non hydrogen atom where atomic number is greater than 2, what is the polynomial term to use?

delta x * delta p is greater than or equal to h/4pi

What is the equation to find uncertainty in momentum?

Divide the term found by delta x * delta p greater than or equal to h/4pi by the average velocity in the duration of time, all by m/s

How to find the percent uncertainty in a particle's velocity?

To find energy change, use -Z^2(R)(1/nf^2-1/ni^2), where R = 2.179*10^-18 Joules

An electron in a He+ ion undergoes a transition from level n=5 to level n=3.

What is the energy change in this transition?

What is the wavelength of a photon associated with this transition?

Use the energy formula and then wavelength for delta E = hc/lambda

What is the wavelength of a photon associated with the aforementioned transition?

Amount of angular nodes indicates l, spotted by looking at the amount of diagonal partitions that form areas of zero probability without being radial or circular

On a contour map, how to spot angular nodes? What does the quantity of angular nodes tell you?

z^2

When dealing with d orbitals, which configuration is always a strange donut shape?

Turns into kinetic energy

To excite an electron from one energy state to another, photons must be absorbed. If there is excess energy from the photon, where does it go afterwards?

E = hf or hc/lambda, f = frequency

What formula is used to find the energy of one photon during an electron transfer?

Take the total bond energy, divide by Avogadros

How to find the bond energy per molecule?

Divide the excess energy in Joules by avogadros

How to find the kinetic energy for a singular atom or molecule that resulted from excess energy turned kinetic?

En having a negative value, aka binding energy is higher than release energy

What is the primary indicator of a bound state?

En = -k/n^2, k = 218*10^18 joules

What is the equation to find energy of a particular particle in a particular orbital of a hydrogen-like atom?

rn = a0(n^2)

What is the equation for orbital radius?

L = n(h/2pi)

What is the equation for angular momentum? In a hydrogen like atom of n=n

What is the formula for frequency of revolution in a hydrogen like atom of n=n