Motivation

Instinct theory

suggests that behavior is driven by instinct

drive reduction theory

suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs

incentive theory

suggests that behavior is motivated by external rewards or incentives

hierarchy of needs theory

suggests that behavior is driven on a hierarchy of needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological needs

optimal arousal theory

proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, leading to increased performance and engagement

minnesota starvation experiment

experiment where people ate much less and showed that severe caloric restriction affects both physical and psychological well-being

metabolism

the process by which the body converts food into energy

set point theory

each individual has a set point that thier body seeks to maintain through adjustments to metabolism, appetite, and drive to engage in different behaviors

flow state

high challenge high skill state where a person is fully immersed in an activity (loses track of time)