Gov Topic 2

King John

signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215

Magna Carta

the Great Charter

due process

protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property

limited government

the idea that government is restricted in what it may do

Jamestown

settled in 1607

representative government

idea that government should serve the will of the people

Charles I

signed the Petition of Right after Parliament refused his request for more money in taxes

Petition of Right

limited the king’s power by demanding that the king no longer imprison/punish any person outside of lawful judgement, and that the king may not impose martial law in times of peace

William and Mary of Orange

ascended with the crown after years of revolt and turmoil (1689)

Glorious Revolution

term for the events surrounding William and Mary of Orange’s ascent to the throne

English Bill of Rights

document that prohibited a standing army in peacetime and required all parliamentary elections be free; signed by William and Mary of Orange

King George II

granted the colony of Georgia to 21 trustees

charter

written grant of authority from the king

bicameral

two-house legislature

proprietary colonies

organized by a person whom the king had made a grant of land

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

was granted Maryland in 1632

William Penn

was granted Pennsylvania in 1681 and Delaware in 1682

unicameral

single body legislature (est. in Pennsylvania)

Albany Plan of Union

proposed creation of an annual Congress with delegates from each of the 13 colonies

Samuel Adams

Bostonian political leader who formed the eventual resistance group called Committees of Correspondence

Roger Sherman

delegate of Connecticut at the FCC

John Jay

delegate of New York at the FCC

George Washington

delegate of Virginia at the FCC

John Adams

Bostonian lawyer that was at the First Continental Congress, legally defended British officers in the Boston Massacre, but became a staunch supporter of independence by this time

James Wilson

lawyer and delegate of Pennsylvania; wrote Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament

Thomas Jefferson

joined the Virginia delegation in June 1775

John Locke

Thomas Jefferson drew from the philosophies of this man, including natural rights and social contract theory, for the Declaration of Independence

popular sovereignty

government can be conducted only with the consent of the governed

Articles of Confederation

established “a firm league of friendship” among the States in 1777.

ratification

necessary approval to pass a bill/law

full faith and credit

refers to the policy of the States under the Articles to legitimize all public acts, records, and judicial proceedings

Shays’ Rebellion

series of incidents regarding small farmer revolts in western Massachusetts

Daniel Shays

veteran officer from the War of Independence; led an armed uprising against the State of Massachusetts

Alexander Hamilton

delegate from New York

James Madison

delegate from Virginia

Framers of the Constitution

term referring to the delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention

quorum

when the minimum amount of delegates are present to legitimize a proceeding

Virginia Plan

called for a new government with three separate branches and bicameral Congress; largely the work of James Madison and presented by Edmund Randolph

New Jersey Plan

unicameral Congress with each State equally represented; proposed by William Paterson

Connecticut Compromise

merged the Virginia and New Jersey plans and proposed a bicameral Congress, with one house exhibiting equal representation and the other based on population

Three-Fifths Compromise

all free-persons shall be counted and three-fifths of all other enslaved would count as persons

Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

stated that Congress was forbidden to tax the export of goods from any State and forbidden to act on slavery for at least 20 years

George Mason

Virginian delegate that refused to sign the Constitution because he believed it did not give enough attention to citizens’ rights

Federalists

group that favored ratification of the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

group that opposed ratification of the Constitution