Studied by 23 peopleCommon Realistic Characters
middle class characters with real conflicts
Local Color
literature that exploits speech, dress, mannerisms and habits of a specific reason
Common Themes of Local Color
nostalgia, tell-tales, trickery
Naturalism
decpits social problems and views humans as victims of larger biological, psychological, social, and economic forces (determinism)
Whose reality was portrayed in Realism and Naturalism?
white, male, privilege
Whose reality was ignored in Realism and Naturalism?
women and people of color
Literature of Discontent
written by marginalized groups
Themes of Realism
humans control their destiny
verisimilitude
Depicts "life-like" characters and situations
Most prominent realists
Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Henry James
What Realist was Mark Twain?
comic realist
What Realist was William Dean Howells?
social/moral realist
What realist was Henry James?
psychological realist
How did Naturalism differ from Realism?
It was grittier (sex, crime, drugs, addiction)
Regionalism
A subcategory of Realism that focuses on challenges, speech, and habits of inhabitants of a particular region
Regionalism vs. Local Color
humor and exaggeration are not main features
Noted Regionalism writers
Mary Wilkins Freeman and Kate Chopin
Noted Literature of Discontent writer
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, some of Chopin and Freeman
What marks the end of the first literary history in America
The Civil War
What major economic change was happening during the 19th century?
Industrial Revolution
What did the Industrial Revolution bring?
rural to urban migration
large corporations led to devalued personal relationships between management and workers
craftsmen weren’t as necessary
What did the Transcontinental Railroad bring?
commercial development
What were social changes in the 19th century?
Westward Expansion (Native American’s displaced)
Population explosion
African-American Civil Rights in 19th century
Jim crow laws, “seperate but equal”
Womens Civil Rights in 19th century
entering workfroce, female colleges founded
Charles Darwin
“Origin of Species” (1859)
Sigmund Frued
Father of Psychoanalysis, mind is expressed through urges
Karl Marx
explained human history as the result of class struggles
William James
Father of American Pragmatism (usefulness of material possessions)
Note 
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