Plymouth

Martin Luther

Martin Luther

Wrote his 95 Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences by Catholic priests (and other concerns) and nailed them to a church in Germany; The Lutheran Church (and many other Protestant churches) stems from this

King Henry VIII

English king who breaks with the Catholic Church because the Pope refuses to allow him to divorce his wife; thus the Church of England is established - with the monarch as head of Church of England

Queen Elizabeth I

A Protestant, she wanted to unify the Church of England (Anglican Church) in order to unify England; Act of Uniformity (strict rules on how to practice faith)

King James I

King of England who provides the charter for Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620; Unfortunately, the charter for the “Saints” is only good for Jamestown/Virginia (the mouth of the Hudson River - and they fail to land there, instead landing in Plymouth

Wampanoag

The Native American Nation local to the area of Plymouth; They were strong allies of the Separatists in the early years (Sachem Massassoit)

John Smith

He returned Tisquantum to Patuxet; Named “New England” and “Charles River”

William Bradford

2^nd governor of Plymouth Colony; theologian; much of what we know of the beginnings of Plymouth Colony, we know from his writings (Of Plymouth Plantation)

Edward Winslow

A senior leader of Plymouth (Bradford’s right-hand-man); emissary to Wampanoag - had very positive relationship w/ Massasoit and helped negotiate peace between the “Saints” and the Wampanoag

Squanto

Patuxet Indian; had been kidnapped into slavery (learned English); on John Smith’s expedition 1614/5; lived w/ Wampanoag, then became member of Plymouth Colony – he was an Indian emissary to William Bradford and played a crucial role in the survival of the “Saints” by teaching them essential agricultural techniques and facilitating relations with local tribes.

Massasoiut

Sachem of the Wampanoags, father to Metacom; sent Squanto to live among Separatists; forged positive relations and peace treaty with Separatists (especially Bradford, Winslow); prevented failure of Plymouth Colony; when ill, Winslow nursed him back to health

Oceanus Hopkins

Only child born on the Mayflower (son of Elizabeth Hopkins)

Holland (Leiden)

Nation where Separatists lived from 1607 - 1620 (Leiden/Leyden – town where they settled) – religious tolerance; Separatists had to leave bc lack of work, children speaking Dutch – losing sense of being English

Patuxet

Both the People and Village; where Squanto was from; The abandoned village is where Separatists (“Pilgrims”) settled – ppl had already all died of disease

Plymouth

Towns in both England and New England; site of “Pilgrim” colony, established in 1620 by the Mayflower passengers

New England

Named by John Smith

Persecution

Bad treatment based on differences in religion, race, or conduct

Separatist

English Puritan who settled Plymouth Colony; reject Church of England and refuse to follow its traditions

“Saints”

The Separatists called themselves “Saints”

Compact

A formal agreement that is signed

Pilgrim

one who travels for religious purpose - to destination of religious importance

Puritan

member of the Church of Eng who wanted to do away w/ Catholic influences (including the Pope) – want to “purify” the Church (Puritans settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony)

Religious Tolerance

A willingness to allow faiths different from one’s own

Sachem

Elected representative or head (chief) of tribe or group of tribes (ex: Massasoit is the Sachem of the Wampanoag)

1620

Separatists arrive in Winter, many don’t survive

1621

“First Thanksgiving” in Fall - to celebrate the survival of those who did survive and the harvest for the Winter

Self-government

A government in which people govern themselves – a representative government; this was achieved by the House of Burgesses in Jamestown and the Mayflower Compact in Plymouth (on the Mayflower)