asexual and sexual reproduction

traits def

charateristics that belong to an organism that make them unique

offspring def

children produced through reproduction

asexual reproduction (general def)

• requires one parent

• creates genetically identical offsprings (“clones”)

clone def

exact genetic replica of another organism

7 types of asexual reproduction

• budding

• binary fission

• fragmentation

• sporing

• vegetative propagation

• mitosis

• parthenogenesis

budding

• when offspring comes from an outgrowth/bud of the parent

• occurs in plants, yeast, and animals

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

binary fission

• when parent copies its genetics then splits into 2

• occurs in bacterica

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

fragmentation

• when parent splits into fragments, and each fragment becomes a clone

• FRAGMENTATION AND REGENERATION ARE NOT THE SAME

• occurs in animals (?)

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

sporing

• when parent produces spores that grow by attaching to something and making it mold (TLDR: mold are spores)

• SPORES ARE NOT SEEDS

• occurs in fungi

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

vegetative propagation (V.P for short)

• when parent develops plant parts like stems, roots, leaves (NOT SEEDS OR SPORES) that create offspring

• DIFFERENT TYPES OF V.P ARE RUNNERS, BULBS, AND TUBERS

• occurs in plants

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

mitosis

• when human cells make more human cells to replace dead cells

• occurs ONLY IN HUMAN CELLS

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

parthenogenesis

• when parent reproduces with an egg without fertilization from sperm

• ONLY FEMALES CAN DO THIS BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE EGG

• occurs in animals, plants, and fungi

• GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT

sexual reproduction (general def)

• requires 2 parents

• creates genetically DIFFERENT offspring

• contains traits from both the mom and dad

4 types of sexual reproduction

• fertilization (internal or external)

• cross pollination

• self pollination

• conjugation

fertilization

• when 2 gametes (sex cells) fuse together and make a zygote (the first cell that all organisms originate from

• occurs mainly in animals

• genetically DIFFERENT than parents

plant sexual reproduction crash course

• most plants can reproduce asexually and sexually

• most plants have both male and female parts (some can be either/or)

• in plants male and female gametes unite to produce new offspring

cross-pollination

• when the pollen/sperm of one plant is transferred to the female parts of another plant

• usually achieved by wind or animals

• genetically DIFFERENT than parents

self-pollination

• when the pollen/sperm of a plant is transferred to the female part of the SAME flower

• usually achieved by wind or animals

• genetically DIFFERENT than parents

conjugation

• 2 bacteria swap portions of their DNA and create a new offspring with the new DNA

• bacteria do this to mutate and become resistant to antibiotics and drugs

advantaged and disadvantages