UNIT 5: Health Education Process

Flashcards are COMPLETE for Unit 5 :))

Pedagogy

Art and science of helping children to learn

content

Pedagogy is ___ focus

Andragogy

Art and science of teaching adults

process

Andragogy is ___ focus

True

True or False: Pedagogy was historically known as the art, science, and profession of teaching but currently has a different definition.

Malcolm Knowles

Who proposed the Characteristics of the Adult Learner?

1. Biological Adulthood

2. Legal Adulthood

3. Social Adulthood

4. Psychological Adulthood

According to Knowles, what are the 4 Characteristics of the Adult Learner?

Biological Adulthood

One of the 4 Characteristics of the Adult Learner

Ability to reproduce

Legal Adulthood

One of the 4 Characteristics of the Adult Learner

Defined by law

Social Adulthood

One of the 4 Characteristics of the Adult Learner

Stage at which adult roles are performed

Psychological Adulthood

One of the 4 Characteristics of the Adult Learner

Self-Direction is assumed

(1) order

(2) sequential

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Learner’s Need to Know: Children must learn what they are taught in (1) ___ ((2) ___ manner)

(1) dependency

(2) teacher

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Learner’s Self-Concept: (1) ___ - learning controlled by (2) ____

(1) little

(2) teacher’s

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Role of Learner’s Experience: (1) ___ regard to child’s experience, the (2) ___ experience is important

(1) teacher

(2) welcoming

(3) positive

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Learner’s Readiness to Learn: Dependent on (1) ___ (whether they are (2) ___ or (3) ____)

(1) subject matter

(2) curriculum

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Student’s Orientation to Learning: Focus on (1) ___ ___, the content of (2) ___

external sources

One of the assumptions on pedagogy

Student’s Motivation: Derived from ___ ___

Teacher’s approval, grades, stickers/prizes

Examples of external sources that motivate child learners

1. Learner’s Need to Know: Must learn what they are taught in order (sequential manner)

2. Learner’s Self-Concept: Dependency - learning controlled by the teacher

3. Role of Learner’s Experience: Little regard to child’s experience, teacher’s is important

4. Learner’s Readiness to Learn: Dependent on teacher (if they are welcoming or positive)

5. Student’s Orientation to Learning: Focus on subject matter, content of curriculum

6. Student’s Motivation: Derived from external sources

6 Assumptions on Pedagogy

why

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Learner’s Need to Know: Adults need to know ___ they must learn new concepts.

(1) self-directed

(2) responsibility

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Learner’s Self-Concept: (1) ___-___ and takes (2) ___ for their own learning

(1) varied experiences

(2) rich resource

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Role of Learner’s Experience: Adults have (1) ___ ___ and can be used as a (2) ___ ___ for learning

(1) need

(2) do

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Learner’s Readiness to Learn: Dependent on (1) ___ to know and (2) ___ in real life

(1) life-centered

(2) problem-solving

(3) task-centered

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Student’s orientation to learning: (1) ___-___ orientation involving (2) ___-___ and (3) ___-___ approaches

(1) internally

(2) self-esteem

(3) quality of life

(4) job satisfaction

One of the assumptions on andragogy

Student’s Motivation: (1) ___ motivated for (2) ___-___, (3)___ of ___, and (4) ___ ___

1. Learner’s Need to Know: Adults need to know why they must learn new concepts

2. Learner’s Self-Concept: Self-directed and takes responsibility for their own learning

3. Role of Learner’s Experience: Adults have varied experiences and can be used as a rich resource for learning

4. Learner’s Readiness to Learn: Dependent on need to know and do in real life

5. Student’s Orientation to Learning: Life-centered orientation involving problem-solving and task-centered approaches

6. Student’s Motivation: Internally motivated for self-esteem, quality of life, and job satisfaction

6 Assumptions on Andragogy

Establish a climate conducive to learning

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

Includes the physical, human, and interpersonal environment

Examples: Physical - privacy, human - need to respect dignity of person, interpersonal environment - allow exchange of ideas

Physical, Human, Interpersonal

Types of environment (according to the 7 Elements to the Education Process)

Creating a mechanism for mutual planning

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

Adult demands self-determination so the nurse must recognize this and collaborate with the client

Diagnosing needs for learning and identifying learning gap

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

Example: a patient’s diet is conducive to their condition so they need to identify what they need to know and what needs to be modified

Formulating program objectives

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

Goals that should be defined during mutual planning

Designing a pattern of learning experiences

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

How is the lesson presented? Through brochure? How frequent are the lessons?

Operating the program

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

The implementation of the program

Evaluating the program

One of the 7 Elements to the Education Process

Includes reaction, learning, behavior, and results ___ as well as rediagnosis of learning needs if needed

1. Reaction Evaluation

2. Learning Evaluation

3. Behavior Evaluation

4. Results Evaluation

5. Rediagnosis of Learning Needs

5 Types of Evaluation

Reaction Evaluation

One of the types of evaluation

Ongoing

Examples: Daily quizzes, long exams

Learning Evaluation

One of the types of evaluation

Data gathering on outcome

Example: Finding out after the LE how many passed

Behavior Evaluation

One of the types of evaluation

Example is the supervisor’s report

Results Evaluation

One of the types of evaluation

Organizational data

Usually utilized in training programs in which they see how many participants, costs, etc

Rediagnosis of Learning Needs

One of the types of evaluation

Gathered all data to check for errors (Where did we go wrong? Did we miss providing materials?)

1. Establish a climate conducive to learning

2. Creating a mechanism for mutual planning

3. Diagnosing needs for learning and identifying learning gap

4. Formulating program objectives

5. Designing a pattern of learning experiences

6. Operating the program

7. Evaluating the program

According to Knowle, what are the 7 Elements to the Education Process?

1. Intelligence

2. Socioeconomic Status

3. Culture

4. Gender Differences

5. At Risk Students: Learning Problems

5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Intelligence

One of the 5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Genetics and environment by aptitude tests

3 Strategies and multiple types

1. Flexible time requirements

2. Increase instructional support to “slow” learners (need repetition of topics)

3. Peer tutorial or cooperative learning (e.g., small group discussions)

What are the 3 strategies to accommodate to learner’s with different intelligence?

Dr. Howard Gardner

Who proposed the 9 Multiple Intelligences?

1. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart)

2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

3. Spatial Intelligence (Picture Smart)

4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart)

5. Musical Intelligence (Music Smart)

6. Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart)

7. Intrapersonal Intelligence (Self Smart)

8. Naturalist Intelligence (Nature Smart)

9. Emotional Intelligence

According to Gardner, what are the 9 Multiple Intelligences?

Verbal-Linguistic (Word Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Can write and speak well on a topic

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Loves numbers, good in reasoning, analysis and excel in science, engineering

Spatial Intelligence (Picture Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Good in visual and mental manipulation of objects, good in visual memory/details, architecture, engineering

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Those inclines to sports, dancing, acrobatics

Musical Intelligence (Music Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Good in singing or playing instruments as well as creating compositions

Intrapersonal Intelligence (Self Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Good communicator, good leader, and interrelating; often politicians, managers, guidance counselors

Naturalist Intelligence (Nature Smart)

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Environmentalists, those who are fond of botany, zoology and metaphysics

Emotional Intelligence

One of the 9 Multiple Intelligences

Behavioral attributes

Has 5 components: self-awareness, self-management, motivation, empathy, social skills

1. Self-Awareness

2. Self-Management

3. Motivation

4. Empathy

5. Social Skills

What are the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence?

Self-Awareness

One of the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence

Keystone to emotional intelligence

Self-Management or Self-Regulation

One of the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence

Example is will never join a group of bullies

Motivation

One of the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence

Moving force internally

Empathy (People Smart)

One of the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence

Concerns for others

Social Skills

One of the 5 components of Emotional Intelligence

From the basic to emotional intelligence level

Ability to interact

Socioeconomic Status

One of the 5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Affects student’s concentration, learning potential, motivation, interests and participation

Culture

One of the 5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Influences student’s attitudes and values

Gender Differences

One of the 5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Differential treatment of female and male has and continues to occur

At risk students: Learning Problems

One of the 5 Main Individual Differences of Learners

Those having difficulty learning

1. Greater structure and support

2. Active Teaching

3. Instruction emphasizing active participation

4. More frequent feedback

5. Small steps with more practice

6. Higher success rates

7. High expectation

What are the 7 strategies for at risk students?

1. Physical

2. Emotional

3. Experiential

4. Knowledge

4 Factors in Readiness to Learn

Physical Readiness to Learn

One of the four factors in readiness to learn

Consists of:

1. Measure of ability

2. Complexity of task

3. Environmental Effects

4. Health Status

5. Gender

1. Measure of ability

2. Complexity of task

3. Environmental Effects

4. Health Status

5. Gender

What is Physical Readiness to Learn consisted of?

Emotional Readiness to Learn

One of the four factors in readiness to learn

Consists of:

1. Anxiety level

2. Support system

3. Motivation

4. Risk-taking behavior

5. Frame of mind

6. Developmental Stage

1. Anxiety level

2. Support system

3. Motivation

4. Risk-taking behavior

5. Frame of mind

6. Developmental Stage

What does Emotional Readiness to Learn consist of?

Experiential Readiness to Learn

One of the four factors in readiness to learn

Consists of:

1. Level of aspiration

2. Past coping mechanism in term of effectiveness

3. Cultural background

4. Locus of control - determine if external or internal

1. Level of aspiration

2. Past coping mechanism in term of effectiveness

3. Cultural background

4. Locus of control - determine if external or internal

What does Experiential Readiness to Learn consist of?

Knowledge Readiness to Learn

One of the four factors in readiness to learn

Consists of:

1. Present knowledge base

2. Cognitive ability

3. Learning and reading disabilities

4. Learning styles

1. Present knowledge base

2. Cognitive ability

3. Learning and reading disabilities

4. Learning styles

What does Knowledge Readiness to Learn consist of?

Disability

According to the World Health Organization, this is the interaction between the individuals with a health condition and personal and environmental factors.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Who defined disability as the interaction between the individuals with a health condition and personal and environmental factors?

Disability

According to the Healthy People 2030, this is defined as physical impairment that can be mild to severe and with social and environmental factors that can be enhanced

Healthy People 2030

Who defined disability as the physical impairment that can be mild to severe and with social and environmental factors that can be enhanced?

1. Condition lasting 3 months, longer or lifetime

2. Recurrence or persistence of symptoms

3. Chronic illness is not a disability

4. Awareness on severity of disease progression

5. Family’s perception may influence teaching-learning process

6. Chronic illness/disability can affect family unity

7. Use of assistive technologies: computers

7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

3 months

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

Condition lasting ___ ___, longer or lifetime

recurrence; persistence

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

___ or ___ of symptoms

Chronic illness

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

___ ___ is not a disability

severity

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

Awareness on ___ of disease progression

Family; teaching-learning

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

____’s perception may influence ___-___ process

family unity

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

Chronic illness/disability can affect ___ ___

assistive technologies: computers

One of the 7 Characteristics of Chronic Illness

Use of ___ ___: ___

Learning Process

More concerned with what happened during the course of learning than in the end results of learning

Deals with the dynamics of learning

1. Novice

2. Advanced Beginner

3. Competent

4. Proficient

5. Expert

What are the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner?

Novice

One of the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner

Awareness of object in abstract concept

Advanced Beginner

One of the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner

New RN’s that need more experience

Competent

One of the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner

In the US, if one has worked at a specialty for more than 2 years, they can apply to be considered ___ via evaluation (whether they have problem-solving skills and psychomotor ability)

Proficient

One of the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner

Need MSN to reach this level

Expert

One of the 5 stages of learning according to Patricia Benner

Is at the doctoral level, needs a lot of research; contributing to the body of knowledge

1. Goal

2. Selecting Appropriate Stimuli

3. Perception

4. Response

5. Consequences

6. Integration

6 Elements of the Learning Process

Goal

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

First step; setting of long-term ___. followed by specific learning objectives that need short term activities to encourage the learner and eventually attain the ___

Selecting Appropriate Stimuli

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

Enhance ability to assess patient’s needs in relation to overall patient problem

Perception

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

Approve the clinical situation; make use of your special senses (need to see, hear, feel it in the learning process)

Response

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

Ability to identify patient care needs and formulate care plans; communicate to patient for health teaching sessions

Corresponds to the “planning” phase of the nursing phase

Consequences

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

Outcome of nursing care rendered and include side effects

Corresponds to “evaluation” phase

Integration

One of the 6 Elements of the Learning Process

Learner uses personal knowledge and experiences to solve current health problems