Psychology lecture 3 and 4 exam 2 IUB

What brain structure is associated with poor impulse control and impaired executive control?

Frontal lobes

What is the effect of increased amygdala activity on personality?

It is associated with anxiety, fearfulness, and shyness.

How do extroverts and introverts differ in terms of physiological arousal?

Extroverts are less aroused and less sensitive to stimulation, while introverts are oversensitive and dislike stimulation.

What neurotransmitter is linked to impulsivity and impulsive aggressiveness?

Low serotonin levels

What is the role of dopamine in personality according to behavioral activation?

It is associated with increased sensitivity to potential reward and increased approach behavior.

What does high Behavioral Activation System (BAS) combined with weak Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) lead to?

Extreme impulsivity

What cognitive bias is associated with impulsivity?

A tendency to focus on immediate events and neglect longer-term consequences.

What is delay discounting in the context of impulsivity?

The tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards.

How does harm avoidance relate to risk-taking behavior?

Low harm avoidance is associated with higher risk-taking and less attention to threats.

Who are the main theorists associated with the Social-Cognitive Theory of personality?

Bandura, Rotter, and Mischel

What is the concept of Reciprocal Determinism?

It describes the interaction between person, situation, and behavior.

What are Person Variables in Social-Cognitive Theory?

Cognitive and behavioral styles reflecting individual differences in thoughts and feelings.

What does Locus of Control refer to?

The perception of control over outcomes, which can be internal or external.

What is Self-Efficacy?

Your belief in your ability to perform specific types of behavior.

What is the significance of Delay of Gratification in personality development?

It reflects the ability to delay immediate desires for better long-term outcomes.

What is the basic premise of the Psychodynamic Perspective?

Unconscious forces and conflicts influence motives and behavior.

What are the two basic instincts proposed by Freud?

The life instinct (Eros) and the death instinct (Thanatos).

How do dreams function according to the Psychodynamic Perspective?

They are symbolic wish fulfillments and attempts to resolve conflicts.

What is 'dream work'?

The process by which the ego symbolizes basic wishes and conflicts in dreams.

What are projective tests used for in psychology?

To tap into the unconscious mind and reveal hidden thoughts and feelings.

Name two examples of projective tests.

Rorschach test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).