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What happens when a primary alcohol is oxidised with acidified dichromate?

It forms an aldehyde (and further oxidation gives a carboxylic acid).

What conditions are needed to oxidise a primary alcohol into an aldehyde?

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H+) under controlled heating and distillation.

What conditions are needed to oxidise a primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid?

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H+) with reflux.

What happens when a secondary alcohol is oxidised with acidified dichromate?

It forms a ketone.

What happens when an aldehyde is oxidised with acidified dichromate?

It forms a carboxylic acid.

What happens when an aldehyde reacts with a Grignard reagent followed by acidic work-up?

It forms a secondary alcohol.

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid?

An ester is formed (esterification).

What conditions are needed to form an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

Heat with concentrated sulfuric acid (catalyst).

What happens when an alcohol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid?

It dehydrates to form an alkene (elimination).

What happens when two alcohol molecules react with concentrated sulfuric acid?

They condense to form an ether.

What happens when an alkene reacts with water in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid?

It forms an alcohol (hydration).

What happens when an alkene reacts with hydrogen halide (HX)?

It forms an alkyl halide (electrophilic addition).

What conditions are needed to form an alcohol from an alkyl halide?

Hydrolysis with aqueous base (NaOH(aq)) or acidic conditions (H2O with H+).

What conditions are needed to form an alkyl halide from an alcohol?

Reaction with HX (hydrogen halide) under acidic conditions.