ENR Exam 2017

1. Which of the following negatively impacts the environment?

a. reducing the demand for fossil fuels

b. replanting deforested areas

c. using more pesticides

d. using renewable resources

c. using more pesticides

2. The diagram below shows a food chain.

What do the arrows in the diagram represent?

a. flow of energy

b. life cycle stages

c. one community replacing another

d. renewable resource depletion

a. flow of energy

3. If producers in a food web were removed, which of the following changes would most likely occur?

a. Consumers of the web would begin making energy for the food web

b. the entire food web would collapse over time

c. the food web would depend on the decomposers for energy

d. the populations of the remaining organisms in the food web would increase

b. the entire food web would collapse over time

4. The most abundant element found in living organisms is...

a. carbon

b. hydrogen

c. nitrogen

d. oxygen

a. carbon

5. What is the interdependence of plants and animals on each other for food know as

a. a universal relationship

b. domestic

c. symbiosis

d. the food chain

d. the food chain

6. A food web is different from a food chain because...

a. animals eat plants in a food web and they do not in a food chain

b. a food web is a combination of several food chains

c. decomposers eat animals in a food chain but not in a food web

d. a food web and a food chain are the same thing

b. a food web is a combination of several food chains

7. Material placed on soil to break the fall of raindrops is called ___________.

a. contour farming

b. lime

c. mulch

d. strip cropping

c. mulch

8. In the water cycle when water is changed from a liquid to a gas it is called ____________.

a. condensation

b. evaporation

c. precipitation

d. transpiration

b. evaporation

9. Which of the following ingredients is not associated with photosynthesis?

a. carbon dioxide

b. oxygen

c. radon

d. water

c. radon

10. The buildup of heat resulting from sunlight passing through clear objects and heating trapped air in the interior area is called?

a. infrared energy

b. the greenhouse effect

c. radiation

d. ultraviolet

b. the greenhouse effect

11. Humans can survive how long without proper air to breathe?

a. 6 minutes

b. 12 minutes

c. 2 hours

d. 12 hours

a. 6 minutes

12. The source of radioactive dust is most likely from...

a. cracks in the basement floors

b. damaged ozone layer

c. improperly adjusted furnaces

d. nuclear reactions

d. nuclear reactions

13. Which has the lowest tendency to form clods, the least moisture holding capacity and the least fertility?

a. clay

b. loam

c. sand

d. silt

c. sand

14. Scientists identified the buildup of what substance as the cause of the thinning ozone layer?

a. carbon monoxide

b. chlorofluorocarbons

c. nitrous oxide

d. radon

b. chlorofluorocarbons

15. Which of the following are the basis of food chains?

a. carnivores

b. consumers

c. herbivores

d. producers

d. producers

16. What kind of water is unavailable to plant roots because it is held tightly against the soil particles?

a. alluvial water

b. capillary water

c. gravitational water

d. hygroscopic water

d. hygroscopic water

17. What are sensitive organisms that show the state of an environment's overall health called?

a. consumers

b. endangered species

c. indicator species

d. limiting factor

c. indicator species

18. All of the following are examples of recommended practices to reduce or prevent wind and water erosion except for...

a. conservation tillage

b. crop rotation

c. sheet erosion

d. strip cropping

c. sheet erosion

19. What is the process by which organic matter is reduced to organic compounds?

a. decomposition

b. photosynthesis

c. respiration

d. symbiosis

a. decomposition

20. Which of the following soil particles is the smallest?

a. clay

b. organic matter

c. sand

d. silt

a. clay

21. Which of the following layers of soil contributes the least to plant nutrition?

a. bedrock

b. Horizon A

c. Horizon B

d. Horizon C

d. Horizon C

22. What is the wildlife relationship that refers to a plant or animal that lives in, on or with another, sharing its food, but not helping or harming it?

a. commensalism

b. mutualism

c. parasitism

d. predation

a. commensalism

23. The amount of dissolved oxygen in warm water is ____________ than it is in cold water.

a. better

b. higher

c. lower

d. no different

c. lower

24. What is an organism called that is sensitive to pollution and is used to determine the suitability of a living environment?

a. indicator species

b. invasive species

c. limiting factor

d. native species

a. indicator species

25. One species of fish that is often undesirable in lakes and ponds is...

a. bass

b. carp

c. sunfish

d. trout

b. carp

26. Water quality is least affected by which of the following factors?

a. chemical runoff

b. fish density

c. fish species

d. weather

c. fish species

27. What occurs when heritable traits that increase an organism's chances for survival are passed from one generation to the next?

a. adaptation

b. assimilation

c. extinction

d. mutation

a. adaptation

28. This limits photosynthesis and visibility, it is caused by the presence of suspended matter in water.

a. buffer

b. temperature

c. toxins

d. turbidity

d. turbidity

29. Renewable resources are....

a. any material that provides energy

b. irreplaceable

c. replaceable

d. not natural resources

c. replaceable

30. The groundwater that is available for plant root absorption is called?

a. capillary

b. free

c. gravitational

d. hygroscopic

a. capillary

31. The process of bacteria changing dead organisms into ammonia, then to nitrites, and finally to nitrates useful to plants is called _____________.

a. ammonification

b. electrolysis

c. nitrification

d. photosynthesis

c. nitrification

32. Carbon is returned to the atmosphere through....

a. carbon is completely used and never returns to the environment

b. respiration of producers, consumers, and decomposers

c. the burning of fossil fuels

d. the water cycle

b. respiration of producers, consumers, and decomposers

33. Approximately 78% of the earth's atmosphere is made up of what gas?

a. carbon

b. nitrogen

c. oxygen

d. water vapors

b. nitrogen

34. The organisms unable to manufacture their own food are called...

a. consumers

b. decomposers

c. producers

d. providers

a. consumers

35. The predictable and gradual change from one community with the passage of time is called...

a. community change

b. ecological change

c. ecosystem drift

d. ecological succession

d. ecological succession

36. ____________ breakdown waste products and organisms that have died into chemical substances that are released into the environment.

a. Food chains

b. Producers

c. Consumers

d. Decomposers

d. Decomposers

37. Consumers...

a. are the beginning of any food chain

b. cannot make their own food

c. manufacture their own food by participating in food chains/webs.

d. outnumber the producers in the world.

b. cannot make their own food

38. Salinization, alkalization, and water logging usually occur from...

a. cultivation of poor soils

b. improper irrigation practices

c. improper utilization of sewage sludge

d. low-input cultivation of crops

b. improper irrigation practices

39. Depth of surface soil is important for which of the following reasons?

a. is not important

b. root development occurs in the upper 12 inches of soil

c. shallow surface soil holds structures depth of surface soil

d. water cannot drain through deep surface soils

b. root development occurs in the upper 12 inches of soil

40. In the field of chemistry, excessive "misplaced matter" is considered ____________.

a. acid rain

b. hazardous waste

c. nuclear fusion

d. pollution

d. pollution

41. Which of the following are not considered to be a factor influencing the toxicity of chemicals?

a. absorbed dose

b. frequency of exposure

c. length of exposure

d. weather conditions

d. weather conditions

42. Which of the following chemical elements is not needed to form an organic chemical?

a. carbon

b. chlorine

c. hydrogen

d. oxygen

b. chlorine

43. The natural process of plants releasing water into the atmosphere is called ____________.

a. condensation

b. evaporation

c. respiration

d. transpiration

d. transpiration

44. The build up of plant nutrients in a body of water, which leads to excessive algae growth is called ______.

a. equinoctial

b. equatorial

c. eradication

d. eutrophication

d. eutrophication

45. The process that changes water from a gas to a liquid is called _________.

a. condensation

b. evaporation

c. respiration

d. transpiration

a. condensation

46. Air pollutants which adhere to precipitation and falls to the earth is called __________.

a. acid drainage

b. acid rain

c. leachate

d. leaching

b. acid rain

47. Nitrates are...

a. common gases found in the atmosphere.

b. formed from the decomposing of dead organisms and animal wastes.

c. man-made fertilizers utilized in the production of the food we eat

d. not useful to plants until converted to nitrites

b. formed from the decomposing of dead organisms and animal wastes.

48. Which of the following influences the solubility of oxygen?

a. alkalinity

b. pH

c. temperature

d. water hardness

c. temperature

49. What is the over accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain called?

a. biomagnification

b. bio permeability

c. eutriphication

d. non point source pollution

a. biomagnification

50. Which of the following is not a process of soil degradation?

a. nitrogen fixation

b. salinization

c. soil erosion

d. soil pollution

a. nitrogen fixation