Attitudes & Attitude Change

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to attitudes, their formation, measurement, and change, as presented in the lecture.

Attitude Formation

The process by which individuals develop their attitudes based on direct or indirect experiences.

Mere Exposure Hypothesis

The tendency to develop more positive feelings toward objects and individuals as we become more exposed to them (Zajonc, 1968).

Social Learning Theory

Theory proposed by Bandura (1973) that describes how individuals learn behaviors through observation and imitation of others.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

A theory by Ajzen (1991) that links beliefs and behavior, emphasizing the role of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

A model of persuasion that identifies two routes: central (deep processing) and peripheral (superficial cues) based on audience engagement.

Cognitive Dissonance

A psychological phenomenon where an individual experiences discomfort from holding conflicting attitudes and behaviors (Festinger, 1957).

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

A measure of attitudes that assesses the speed of associations between different concepts, often used to explore biases.

Primacy Effect

The tendency for an individual to remember the first piece of information presented more than information presented later.

Recency Effect

The tendency for an individual to remember the most recent information presented more than earlier information.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Attitude Accessibility

The ease with which an attitude can be retrieved from memory, often influencing behavior in response.

Findings of Murray, 2012?

Cognitive dissonance in a forced compliance dynamic are reduced or eliminated in people with high psychopathic traits