3.1 pre and post industrial britain

what are the 7 factors of sport

1. time

2. class

3. gender

4. law and order

5. transport

6. cost/money

7. education

how did gender shape participation in pre industrial britain

-men were the only ones allowed to partake in sport as women were seen as weak

-women had very low participation and only partook in smock races and archery

-women also didn’t have time as they had to look after children

-men played brutal sport such as bare-knuckle boxing and mob football.

How did education shape participation in sport in pre industrial Britain

-the upper classes could play complicated games with rules as they could read. The lower classes couldn’t as they were illiterate.

-working class could only play simple sports with limited rules

-Lower classes had very little/ no education. This meant that their sports often had simple rules that were spread through word of mouth. They were often slightly different from other towns rules.

How did social class shape participation in sport in pre industrial Britain

-upper class were highly educated with lots of time and money. This meant that they played complex sports with expensive equipment. These sports often took all day.

-Working Class had low education levels, not much free time and little money. This meant that they occasionally played simple sports with little/know rules and equipment

How did law and order affect participation in pre industrial Britain

-many sports had limited rules and regulations

-rules were localised

-nothing was illegal

How did availability of time affect participation in pre industrial Britain

-lower class had no time to participate due to long working hours, no energy after work. could only participate on bank holidays

-upper class had lots of free time and didn’t work manual labour soh ad time and energy to participate

how did money affect participation of sport in pre industrial britain

-upper class could afford sports requiring equipment and specialised facilities or transport

-lower class was opposite and used natural facilities and equipment

how did transport affect participation of sport in pre industrial Britain

-lower class played locally due to expensive transport and poor road conditions

-upper class can travel by horse or carriage but limited due to state of roads

many upper class built facilities at home to avoid travelling on poor roads

what was the industrial revolution

transformative period of time which included significant improvements in technology, economy and society

how did social class affect participation in POST industrial Britain

-Upper classes had more leisure time, money and education, as they were often factory owners. This enabled them to regularly perform in long, expensive sports such as equestrian

-The Middle Class developed from the factory managers. They had more time and money and sent lots of free time playing sports. sent children to public schools and played rugby

-The Working Class still had very little time and money, however, during this period they were given the Saturday half day, which many workers dedicated to playing sports like football

how did gender affect participation in sport in POST industrial Britain

-Men regularly competed in sports and physical activity

-Women had limited opportunities to compete in sports as they were expected to keep the house. However, after the 1868 Taunton commission on secondary education many female pioneers emerged and Women’s sports became more common

-pe made compulsory in 1873

How did law and order affect participation in sport of POST industrial Britain

-The upper class made the laws. They banned many violent lower-class sports such as cock fighting but their blood sports such as fox-hunting were not banned

-veiled professionalism began as being paid was frowned upon

How did transport affect participation in sport in POST industrial Britain.

-The spread of railways allowed the possibility of reliable and convenient travel. Fixtures between schools began and spectators could go watch games

How did money affect participation in POST industrial Britain

-pros are able to earn money but are inferior to amateurs

-players on rugby teams had to ask for compensatory payment of missing out on Saturday morning wages due to missing it to play games, they were denied.

-many clubs could not sustain financial outlay and disbanded

How did education affect participation in sport in POST industrial Britain

-as literacy rate improved, the working classes began to understand written rules and read news items about their teams

-girls also went to school in 1870s, which increased the population with an education due to education act

How did availability of time affect participation in sport in POST industrial Britain

-working class gained rights and the Saturday half day was created, increasing free time. This caused the working classes to seek sporting entertainment

-public schools increased the amount of time they were spending on sport and increased its popularity

what is the cult of athleticism

cult: growing craze of sport

athleticism: developing physical endeavour and moral integrity through sport

what ethics and values were promoted in public schools

-leadership -fair play -teamwork -courage -respect

what was the impact of athleticism on sport

-encouraged effort over winning

-encouraged development of codified sport

-encouraged to play fair with sportsmanship

what was the impact of the cult on sport

-large amounts of time devoted to sport in order to develop it

-developed leagues eg house systems

-ex-boys spread the cult (through old boys network)

why were the 19th century Public schools so influential in promoting and organising sport

-time on sport: believed to be important bc it created moral character and health

-influence of public school head teachers: Thomas Arnold, well respected and influential so society followed their ideas

-Money: -facilities -equipment -coaching

-rules:-standard developed rules and strucutre 0NGBs created to codify sport

-Ex pupils promoted games and their ethics: -old boys network

-House structure and fixtures: -in every sport -compeitive

where does the old boys network spread

-university, army officers, teacher, clergy ( so international), industrialists (factory owners), community leaders

what did the NGB’s do

-establish rules (codification)

- arrangement of competitions

-increased participation by helping the spread of sport