Present, Present Perfect, Imperfect & Pluperfect Subjunctive Moods

The subjunctive is triggered by...

Que + verb

or

Verb + que

Destruir -> destruya (present)

Destruir-> destruyera (imperative)

destruir in present and imperfect subjunctive

AR: e, es, e, emos, en

ER/IR: a, as, a, amos, an

Present Subjunctive endings

AR: ra, ras, ra, áramos, an

ER/IR: iera, ieras, iera, iéramos, ieran

Imperfect Subjunctive Endings

How do you conjugate the imperfect subjunctive?

Drop the "Ron" ending of the 3rd person of the preterite. Add ra, ras, 'ramos, ran for ar

Add iera, ieras, ieras, iéramos, ieran for er/ir

tomar (imperfect subjunctive)

tomaron ->

toma ra

Toma ras

Toma ra

Tomá ramos

Toma ran

When the main clause is present/future tense we use the...

Present Subjunctive mood

or

Present Perfect Subjunctive mood

When the main clause is conditional/preterite/imperfect we use the

Imperfect Subjunctive mood

or

Pluperfect Subjunctive mood.

1. After "Como si" (as if/as though)

Singular subject + plural verb

2. With "if" clauses expressing hypothetical actions

I.e. if I had a lot of money.

- Si tuviera mucho dinero, compraría una casa.

Use the imperfect subjunctive mood when...

ir - vaya

ser - sea

saber - sepa

haber- haya

estar- esté

dar - da

Very irregular verbs

Ir/ser - fuera

Saber - supi

Haber - hubiera

Imperfect Subjunctive Irregulars

hacer > hago > haga

traer > traigo > traiga

poner > pongo > ponga

tener > tengo > tenga

salir > salgo > salga

Yo-Go Verbs (Present Subjunctive)

Uncertainty/ emotions/ negative sentences/ hyperbole / expression of something that is impossible to do / not fact

Triggers subjunctive mood

encontrarse > encontr(ar)se in present subjunctive

me encuentre

te encuentres

Se encuentre

Nos encontremos

Se encuentren

Yo - pague

Tú - pagues

Él/Ella/Usted - pague

Nosotros - paguemos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes - paguen

Pagar in present subjunctive

To form the Present Perfect

Use "haya" and the past participle of a verb....

ar - ado

er/ir - ido

Coger (words that end in ge turn into j) in preeent subjunctive

Yo - Coja

Tú - Cojas

Él/Ella/Usted - Coja

Nosotros - Cojamos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes - Cojan

AR/ER/IR: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan + ido/ado

Present Perfect Subjunctive

Parezco > parez > parezca

"parece" conjugated in present subjunctive

decir → dicho

escribir → escrito

hacer → hecho

ver → visto

querer -> querido

Poner -> puesto

Venir -> viniendo

Past Participle Irregulars

-ar verbs → -ado

-er/ir verbs → -ido

Past Participle

pluperfect subjunctive

A past action that happened before another past action. Used to say what someone or something had done

Haber in Pluperferct Subjunctive

yo - hubiera

tu - hubieras

el/usted - hubiera

nos - hubiéramos

ellos - hubieran

Hacer in Preterite (3rd Person)

Hicieron

Ver/Dar In Preterite (3rd Person)

Vieron/Dieron

Decir in Preterite (3rd Person)

Dijeron

Ir/Ser in Preterite (3rd Person)

Fueron

Quere in Preterite (3rd Person)

Quisieron

Caber/Saber in Preterite (3rd Person)

Cupieron/Supieron

Estar in in Preterite (3rd Person)

Estuvieron

Tener in Preterite (3rd Person)

Tuvieron