ENG - READING & WRITING

L05 - L07

Reading Critically

Reading Critically

the reader participates in the analytical process by posing questions

regarding the text and the author's claim.

Reasoning

as defined by Merriam Webster dictionary is an act of giving statements for justification and explanation. It is the ability of someone to defend something by giving out

reasons

Identifying assertions

Identify by a common type of ___________ such as fact,convention, opinion and preference

Formulating counterclaim

Counterclaims are made to rebut a previous claim

Determining Evidence

Evidence is the details given by the authors to support his/her claims

Modals

Different forms of Hedges

may,could,would,should,might,certain,must, etc.

Frequency adverbs

usually, generally,commonly

Probability adverbs

probably, possibly, presumably

Evaluative Statement

It's a declaration of one's sound judgment regarding something made in writing and backed up by arguments and proof. Additionally, it outlines a subject's advantages and disadvantages considering a set of standards that must be impartial,substantial, and factual.

Assertions

declarative sentences that give one’s belief about something else as if it is true though it may not be. It is expressed as an argument.

Fact

is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

Convention

- is a method of doing something that is akin to customs and standards. Only by making use of historical precedents, laws, regulations, use, and conventions can its veracity be confirmed

Opinion

is a fact-based statement that, notwithstanding its difficulty in being objectively verified, cannot be refuted without adequate evidence.

Preference

declares a personal __________ without providing evidence to back up or confirm the veracity of the claim

Formulating Counterclaims

Just being able to recognize claims and assertions does not constitute good critical thinking. Understanding the claim is simply one aspect of an argument, but being able to analyze an argument is crucial to gaining a deeper grasp of the text

Counterclaims

are claims made to rebut a previous claim. To rebut means to contradict someone’s statement through a formal argument.

Textual Evidence

The details provided by the author to back up their statements are referred to as ___________. It makes the reading more engaging and displays the author's perspective. Evidence is specific that support an argument, offer variety, or give it more weight.

Paraphrasing

Different Ways on how to Present Textual Evidence in Writings

restating the text in your own words

Summarizing

Different Ways on how to Present Textual Evidence in Writings

stating in a shorter way the text and other relevant details to support the idea

Referencing

Different Ways on how to Present Textual Evidence in Writings

mentioning a specific section in the text

Quoting

Different Ways on how to Present Textual Evidence in Writings

directly restating a part of the text.

Textual Evidence

___________ validates and strengthens your writings,showing that you read and understand a text.

Evaluative Statement

To create an ____________, one must attentively and critically read the entire text in order to comprehend the writer's thesis and look for any potential flaws

Merriam Webster

reasoning as defined by ____________ dictionary is an act of giving statements for justification and explanation. It is the ability of someone to defend something by giving out reasons.