Biological Bases of Behavior (incomplete)

Most human traits result from the combined effects of __ and _

Nature and nurture

Genetic Predisposition

The increased chance of developing a specific trait or condition due to our genetic code

Every human cell has __ chromosomes in _ pairs

46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

Genes can be dominant or ___

recessive

IQ is both influenced by ___ and __

Environment and genetics

Sex is determined by __ pair of chromosomes

23rd (Male: X and Y Female: X and X

Turner’s Syndrome

Only a single X chromosome in the 23rd spot

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Extra X chromosome

Down Syndrome

Extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Neuroanatomy

The study of the parts and functions of neurons

Neurons

Individual nerve cells

Dendrites

Rootlike things that make synaptic connections with other neurons

Soma

AKA Cell body

Contains nucleus and other parts needed to sustain life

Axon

Wirelike structure ending in terminal buttons

Myelin Sheath

Fatty covering around the axon that speeds neural impulses

Multiple Sclerosis

Occurs when the myelin sheath deteriorates around neurons, interfering with neural transmission

Terminal Buttons

AKA end buttons, terminal branches of axons, synaptic knobs

Branched end of axon that contain neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that enable neurons to communicate

Fit into receptor sites on dendrites of neurons

Synapse

The space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next