THE CELL - LECTURE 1 Section 2

Who determined cell theory and what were there jobs?

-Matthias Schleiden (Botanist)

-Theodore Schwann (zoologist)

What is cell theory?

States that all metabolic events occur in a cell

What is a cell (4 components-duba)

-distinct entity

-unit of structure

-building block of organisms/ organization in living things

-arise from pre-existing cells

What determines the complexity of a cell?

Function

What are hydrostatic properties?

They help a cell maintains its shape

What is the cytoplasm? Where is it found?

1-jelly like fluid within the cell

2-between plasma membrane and nucleus

Describe what cytosol is

Water with dissolved proteins salts sugars etc.

What is the job of the plasma membrane?

Separate intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid

What type of membrane is the plasma membrane

Phospholipid bilayer

Describe the heads and tails of the phospholipid bilayer

1-heads=hydrophobic-dislike water

2-tails=hydrophillic-like water

What is the breakdown of the membrane lipids-3 types and percentages-PCG

Phospholipids- 75%

Glycolipids- 5%

Cholesterol- 20%

What is the function of phospholipids in the membrane

Make up the membrane

-head is polar and hydrophilic

-fatty acid tail-nonpolar and hydrophobic

Describe the glycolipids in the membrane

-lipids

-have a polar sugar group On outer membrane

Describe cholesterol and its function in the cell membrane

-both good and bad cholesterol

-function=increase membrane stability

What are integral proteins

-inserted in the membrane walls that act as channels for movement of molecules

List the 6 functions of membrane proteins - CASEIT

1-Cell to cell recognition

2-Attach to cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix

3-Signal transduction

4-Enzymatic activity

5-Intercellular joining

6-Transport

What is cell to cell recognition

The proteins work to avoid auto immune attacks- proteins can differentiate and wont attack eachother

What is the job of the cytoskeleton

It anchors to proteins to maintain cell shape

What is signal transduction with proteins

The membrane has bonding sites

-Chemical messengers/hormones bond to the sites ‘

What is enzymatic activity role in the membrane proteins function

-catalyze the sequential steps of the metabolic pathway

-reduce needed amount of ATP

What is the membrane function that attaches proteins together

Intercellular joining

What is the membrane function of transport-right and left integral

Left integral=hydrophillic channel for easy/passive solute

Right integral=hydrolyze and needs ATP for active transport

What are the passive forms of transport

Osmosis and diffusion

What is osmosis

Movement of H2O across the membrane

What is diffusion

Movement of molecules other than H2O across the membrane

What are the 2 concentration differences

Osmolarity:total concentration of particles in a solution

Tonicity:how a solution affects cell volume

What are the types of ACTIVE transport

Vesicular=transport of large molecules

Endocytosis=allows entrance of large particles

Exocytosis=moves substances inside to extracellular matrix

Phagocytosis= engulfs solids and carries them into the cell

How are cytoplasmic organelles defined

They are the machinery of the cells

What is the function of the PEROXISOME

-break down harmful substance

-oxidases and catalyses

-neutralize free radicals

What is the function of the LYSOSOMES

-contain digestive enzymes

-deal with bacteria/toxins/viruses

-breakdown bone for calcium

function of the NUCLEUS

-contain genetic library (chromatin/dna)

-control protein synthesis

function of the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

-double membrane

-pores allow for passage of big molecules into the nucleus

-flows into ER

function of the NUCLEOLUS

-ribosome production

function of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

-2 types

-ROUGH=studded with ribosomes

-SMOOTH=synthesize phospholipids

function of the MITOCHONDRIA

-double membrane with Cristae

-provides ATP

-contain own DNA AND RNA

function of the RIBOSOMES

-contain protein and rRNA

-where proteins synthesis occurs

What are the 2 types of ribosomes and what are their jobs

-FREE=synthesize soluble proteins in cytosol or organelles

-MEMBRANE BOUND= synthesize proteins in membrane, lysosomes or exported form cell

function of the GOLGI APPARATUS

Modification and packaging of proteins

What are the two faces of the GA and what are their jobs

=CIS FACE: receiving face

Mature in between

=TRANS FACE: shipping side

What is the endosymbiont theory

-cells ingested eachother and gained more functionality

-how cells became complex

By Lynn Margulis