apush unit 6 vocabulary for ACHS

unit 6 notebook vocab for ACHS; test on friday 11/30/2023

King Cotton

King Cotton

Refers to the economic dominance of cotton production and trade in the southern United States before the Civil War. Cotton was a major cash crop, and its profitability drove the Southern economy, shaping social and political dynamics.

Paternalism

A social system in which those in authority, often employers or slave owners, exert a fatherly or paternalistic control over individuals in their care, making decisions for them with the belief that it is for their own good.

Yeoman

Historically referred to a class of small landowners in the South, often farmers who owned their land and worked it themselves, distinct from larger plantation owners and typically seen as the backbone of agrarian society.

American Colonization Society

An organization founded in 1816 advocating for the gradual emancipation of slaves in the United States and their resettlement in Africa, particularly in Liberia.

George Fitzhugh

A 19th-century American social theorist and pro-slavery advocate known for his writings defending slavery as a beneficial institution. He argued that slavery was a natural condition for certain races.

“Sambo”

A derogatory term used to portray African Americans in a stereotypical, submissive, and childlike manner, often to justify their enslavement or subjugation.

Nat Turner

An enslaved African American who led a famous slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1831, resulting in the deaths of many whites before the revolt was suppressed.

The Impending Crisis

Refers to a book titled "The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It" by Hinton Rowan Helper, published in 1857. The book criticized slavery from an economic perspective, arguing that it harmed the Southern economy and non-slaveholding whites.

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent American abolitionist and journalist who founded the newspaper "The Liberator" in 1831, advocating for the immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves.

The Liberator

An abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison, known for its uncompromising stance against slavery and its role in promoting the abolitionist cause. The first anti-slavery and widely circulated newspaper.

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved African American who became a leading abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. He played a key role in the anti-slavery movement through his speeches and writings.

Harriet Tubman

An African American abolitionist and political activist known for her role in the Underground Railroad, a network that helped enslaved individuals escape to free states.

The Underground Railroad

A network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the 19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans to escape to free states or Canada.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, depicting the harsh realities of slavery. It had a significant impact on public opinion about slavery and is considered a catalyst for the abolitionist cause.

“Free Soil” Movement

A political movement in the mid-19th century that opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, advocating instead for free labor and land for settlers.

Three Fifths Compromise

A constitutional compromise reached during the drafting of the United States Constitution in 1787, determining that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for determining representation in Congress and taxation.

Fugitive Slave Act

A law passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and strengthened in 1850 that required the return of escaped slaves to their owners, even if they were found in free states.

Slave Codes

Laws enacted in the Southern states before the Civil War that regulated the behavior of enslaved individuals, restricting their movements, rights, and activities, maintaining the institution of slavery.

David Walker’s Appeal

A pamphlet published in 1829 by David Walker, an African American abolitionist, which called for enslaved people to revolt against their oppressors, have pride, and emphasized the cruelty of slavery.

Chattel

Refers to personal property, particularly in the context of slavery, where enslaved individuals were treated as the personal property of their owners, without rights or autonomy.

Gabriel Prosser

An enslaved African American who planned a large slave rebellion near Richmond, Virginia, in 1800. He tried to lead a slave rebellion, but it was discovered and crushed in the planning stages.

Amistad Case (1839)

A legal case involving a group of African captives who rebelled against their Spanish captors on the slave ship "La Amistad." Their subsequent trial in the United States led to a landmark Supreme Court decision granting them freedom.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A significant 1857 Supreme Court case where Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, sued for his freedom, but the court ruled that enslaved individuals were not citizens and could not bring lawsuits, effectively upholding slavery and declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Denmark Vesey

A free African American who planned a major slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1822. The plot was discovered before it could be executed, leading to arrests and executions. He got betrayed by one of his followers.

American Anti-Slavery Society

An organization founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and others, dedicated to the abolition of slavery and the promotion of equal rights for all.