AP World History Review

Flashcards about AP World History review.

What is Theme 1 of AP World History?

Humans and the Environment

What is Theme 2 of AP World History?

Cultural Developments and Interactions

What is Theme 3 of AP World History?

Governance

What is Theme 4 of AP World History?

Economic Systems

What is Theme 5 of AP World History?

Social Interactions and Organization

What is Theme 6 of AP World History?

Technology and Innovation

What geographical feature was an obstacle for the Silk Roads?

Himalayan Mountains

What facilitated trade for the Sea Roads?

Monsoon Winds

What was the impact of the Black Death?

Decimated a third of Europe’s population

What religion unified diverse groups of people and legitimized rule?

Generally, religion

What traditional Chinese ideal greatly influenced China?

Confucianism

What new branch of Confucianism developed due to the spread of Buddhism?

Neo-Confucianism

What neighboring countries did China influence?

Korea, Vietnam, Japan

What was the Great Schism?

Split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church

What was the Divine Right?

Belief that kings power were appointed by God

What role did Islam play in trade?

Muslim traders were prominent in the Silk Roads, Sea Roads and Sand Roads

What was the jizya?

Tax against non-Muslims

What was the Sharia?

Islamic legal system derived from the Quran

What was the House of Wisdom?

Translated Greek philosophies into Arabic

What was the main purpose of the Crusades?

Religious wars over the control of Jerusalem

What is a Centralized Bureaucracy?

System of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives

How did Islamic Empires maintain their power?

Strong military force

What is Feudalism?

Decentralized system of government where landowners had most of the power

What goods were exchanged on the Silk Roads?

Luxury goods that mainly came from China (Silk, Porcelain, etc.)

What goods were exchanged on the Sea Roads?

Silk, Porcelain, Ivory, Textiles, Spices, etc.

What goods were exchanged on the Sand Roads?

Gold, salt and slaves

Who held the most power in the Catholic Church?

Pope

What is the Caste System?

Hindu System in India based off of a person’s status

What was the Three-field System?

Improved crop rotation that increased the efficiency and agricultural production

What are caravels?

Essential for European trade and exploration

What advancements came from the Islamic World?

Math, medicine and astronomy

What Chinese goods were highly sought after?

Silk, Porcelain, etc.

What was the effect of gunpowder?

Creation of gunpowder weapons that allowed for Islamic empires to expand their empires through conquest

What allowed merchants to travel longer in the desert?

Camels

What negative impact did plantations have?

Negative impact onto the environment

Who are the Sunni Muslims?

Believed that the caliph should be chosen by the Muslim community

Which empires were Sunni?

Ottoman and Mughal Empire

Who are the Shia Muslims?

Believed that the caliph should be related to or of descent of Muhammad

Which empire was Shia?

Safavid Empire

What caused the Protestant Reformation?

Corruption of the Roman Catholic Church, printing press, kings and princes wanted more political power, the Renaissance

What were the 99 theses?

Martin Luther nailed 99 theses against the Roman Catholic Church

What effect did the printing press have on the Protestant Reformation?

Allowed Martin Luther to spread his message and gain support against the Roman Catholic Church

What are examples of Gunpowder Empires?

Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empire

What was the Devshirme system?

Kidnapped young Christian children and made them into an elite military class called janissaries

What was the impact of Zheng He?

Increased China’s influence as he established other states as tribute states to China

What shift did the Renaissance cause?

Shift from religious thinking to individualism, secularism (non-religious) and literature

Who was Vaso de Gamas?

First European to reach India by sea

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Widespread transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the New World (Americas) and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia)

What animals were transferred Old World -> New World?

Domestic Animals (horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens)

What animal was transferred New World -> Old World?

Turkey

What crops were transferred Old World -> New World?

Wheat, rice, barley, oat, sugarcane, etc.

What crops were transferred New World -> Old World?

Maize (corn), potatoes, etc.

What diseases were transferred Old World -> New World?

Smallpox, measles, influenza, etc.

What was a main effect of the Triangular Trade?

Disease spreading to the Americas

What is Mercantilism?

Economic system/policy that believed that a nation’s strength was determined by the amount of wealth that nation accumulates especially through silver and gold

What are joint-stock companies?

Business in which multiple investors pool in money to fund explorations and share profits or losses (lack of individual risk)

Who was Hernan Cortes?

Conquered the Aztec Empire

What groups make up the Casta System?

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos/Mulattos, Native Americans and slaves

What is an example of ethnic groups?

Muslim empires with jizya taxes

What inventions improved ship navigation?

Compass and astrolabe

What was a main effect of the European Printing Press?

Spread books, ideas, discoveries and scientific ideas faster than before

What was the impact of crops from the New World?

Improved the diets of the people in Afro-Eurasia

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Period of transformative technological advancements, economical and social changes that started in Britain and would later spread to other parts of the world

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?

Caused pollution (due to the increase use of coal and fossil fuels)

What was the Scientific Revolution?

People relied on observations, experiments and scientific thoughts rather than traditional/religious explanations to understand the natural world

What is Heliocentrism?

Idea that the Earth revolves around the sun

Who created the Scientific Method?

Bacon and Descartes

Who created the Laws of Motion and Gravity?

Newton

What effect did Darwinism have?

Survival of the fittest

What did the Enlightenment emphasize?

Individual rights and liberty

Who created the idea of Natural Rights?

John Locke

Who created the idea of freedom of speech?

Voltaire

Who created the idea of Separation of Powers?

Montesquieu

Who created the idea of free market?

Adam Smith

Who created the idea of Social Contract?

Jean Jacques Rousseau

What caused the American Revolution?

British colonial control, taxation without representation, Enlightenment ideas

What caused the French Revolution?

Enlightenment ideas, absolute Monarchy, social and political inequalities and economic issues

What effects did the French Revlution have?

Ended the monarchy, rise of Radical Politics and the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Who led the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint L’Ouverture

What caused the Latin American Revolutions?

Influenced by Enlightenment ideas

What reforms did the Meiji Restoration begin?

Modernize and industrialize

What was the effect of the Taiping Rebellion?

Severely weakened the Qing dynasty and set the stage for future revolutions

What was the aim of the Boxer Rebellion?

Remove foreign influence from China

What is Capitalism?

Based off of Adam Smith’s ideas of free market and supply and demands

Who published “The Communist Manifesto”?

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

What was the Berlin Conference?

Conference to avoid conflict/war/violence over the colonization of Africa

What was the Congo abundant in?

Rubber, ivory, palm oil, minerals

What economic motives led to imperlialism?

Wanted raw materials in order to fuel European industries (Industrial Revolution)

What social/cultural motives led to imperlialism?

Spread of Christianity, “Civilizing Mission” and Social Darwinism

What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on social interactions?

Shift from agrarian economies to industrial labor systems which Caused a growing urban working class

What ideal did the Cult of Domesticity have?

Idealized women as housekeepers

What advancements are from the Industrial Revolution?

Steam Engine, use of coal and fossil fuels, Factory system and telegraph

What are the key principles of Fascism?

Authoritarian political ideology that promote ultranationalism, dictatorship, militarism and total loyalty to the state

What was the USSR's Five Year Plan?

Policy to promote rapid industrialization

What was the Great Purge?

Mass arrests and executions of enemies

What led to the creation of the USSR?

Lenin and the Bolsheviks won establishing the USSR

What strategies were used in WW1?

Trench Warfare and Attacking Germany on multiple fronts

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Blamed Germany for WW1

What caused WW2?

Treaty of Versailles and Fascist regimes

What is Appeasement?

The strategy of granting an aggressive party to avoid conflict