Unit 1 - Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Part 1 Test Review

ANTERIOR

ANTERIOR

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head.

Frontal

Forehead

Cranial

Skull

Orbital

Eye

Buccal

Cheek

Otic

Ear

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Acromial

Shoulder

Brachial

Upper Arm

Antecubital

Front Elbow

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Palmer

Palm

Digital

Phalanges or fingers

Thoracic

Chest

Mamillary

Breast

Axillary

Arm pit

Abdominal

Abdomen

Umbilical

Navel

Coxal

Hip

Pelvic

Pelvis

Inguinal

Groin

Pubic

Pubic

Femoral

Thigh

Patella

Knee

Crural

Shin

Tarsal

Ankle

Pedal

Foot

Digital

Phalanges or toes

POSTERIOR

further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it.

Cephalic

Head

Dorsal

Back

Lumbar

Loin

Sacral

Sacrum

Cubital

Elbow

Gluteus

Buttok

Femoral

Thigh

Popliteal

Back of knee

Sural

Calf

Calcaneal

Heel

Plantar

Sole of foot

ANATOMY

Science that studies the structure of the body

PHYSIOLOGY

Science that studies the normal functions of the body’s organs

Body planes

sagittal, mid-sagittal, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal

Sagittal Plane

is an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.

Frontal/Coronal Plan

made at right angles to the midline and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse (horizontal/axial) Plane

that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

Directional terms

superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal,superficial and deep

Rostral

The front end of the central nervous system

Caudal

The back end of the central nervous system

Ventral (Anterior)

• the area forward from (or under) the spinal cord, anything pertaining to the belly area.

• front

• (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg)

Dorsal (Posterior)

• refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism

• back

• (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body)

Superior

toward the head end of the body; upper

Inferior

away from the head; lower

Medial

toward the middle or center

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Proximal

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part

Distal

sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. In medicine, it refers to parts of the body further away from the center.

Superficial (external)

structures that are closer to the exterior surface of the body.

Deep (internal)

away from the surface or further into the body

Central

means that a body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ

Peripheral

means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ. The peripheral nervous system is located outside the central nervous system.

Axial Portions

Head, neck, and trunk → Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

Appendicular Portions

the limbs - the upper limbs and the lower limbs

Cavities

dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

Dorsal Cavity

• The body cavity located at the back of the body that contains and protects the central nervous system.

• It contains the brain in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity.

Pelvic Cavity

• A bowl-shaped space inside the pelvic bones that contains organs like the bladder, vectum, and reproductive female organs.

• Below the abdominal cavity

• the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity make up the abdomino pelvic cavity

Abdominal Cavity

• the large ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity

• The space in the abdomen that contains many vital organs such as the stomach, liver, etc.

• It is located in the space between the abdominal wall and the spine.

Thoracic Cavity

• The space in the chest above the diaphragm yet below the neck.

• Contains vitals organs and structures

Cranial Cavity

• The space inside the skull that contains the brain is known as the cranial cavity.

• It is a part of the dorsal cavity.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

the large ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Diaphragm

The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

Peritoneum

The large serous membrane that lines the abdomino pelvic cavity that covers the organs within it

Quadrants

Upper right, lower right, upper left, and lower left

-chondro

cartilage

lumber

lower back

hype-

below,lower

iliac

where hipbone is

-gastric

stomach

epi-

top, above