APUSH natives quiz review

Great Basin/Great Plains

Large North American regions. Important due to it shaping native life-basin people foraged, plains tribes relied on bison hunting and later horses and home to Shoshone, Paiute, Etc tribes in the basin and SIOUX, CHEYENNE, COMANCHE,AND BLACK FOOT in great plains

Mississippi River Valley

Fertile central US river basin to mound building cultures which supported large agricultural and trade societies that influenced wide regions. Home to Creek and Mississippian tribes

Adena-Hopewell

Pre columbian native culture. Refers to what were probably a number of related Native societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. Aswell set foundation for complex societies like Cahokia.

Cahokia

Largest pre columbian urban center in North America; its mounds and political influence demonstrate advanced indigenous civilization

Atlantic Seaboard

The Coastal region of Eastern North America. Was an early site of farming and fishing tribes, and later where Europeans first settled, shaping colonial America

New World

Opened opportunities for exploration, colonization, and global exchange

Christianity

A religion that Europeans followed. Christianity was a big modivation for European colonization during the 16th century

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants animals and diseases between the Americans and Europeans/old world and new world. It led to reshaped global diets and economics, but in consequence led to many natives dying to native diseases.

Feudalism

Medieval European system of land, labor and loyalty, which declined due to exploration and wealth from colonies shifted power toward new economies.

Capitalism

System based on private ownership and profit. Drove exploration, colonization, and global trade.

Joint-Stock companies

Investor funded companies sharing risks and profits. Financed expensive voyages and colonies, like Jamestown

Encomienda System

Spanish colonial labor system granting settlers control of Native labor. They exploited indigenous peoples for land, resources, and wealth

New Laws of 1542

Spanish laws intended to end enslavement and limit the encomienda system. It protected indigenous rights in theory, but were weakly enforced; marked an early step in human rights debate

West African Slave Trade

European purchase and transport of slaves, which supplied labor for the New World plantations, fueling wealth in Europe while devastating African societies

Africans

People taken from Africa to Americas to be enslaved. Became the backbone of labor in the colonies, shaping culture, resistance, and economies.

Bartolome De Las Casas

Spanish priest and former encomendero who advocated for native rights. His writings exposed mistreatment, influencing reforms like the new laws, though he suggested used africans instead.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreement dividing the New world between Spain(west) and Portugal(east). Lead to Spain dominance in the americas and portugal influence in Africa, Asia, and Brazil

Inca

Powerful empire in the Andes with Advanced agriculture, roads, and centralized rule. It was conquered by Pizarro; it falls opened South America to Spanish colonization

Aztec

Empire in central Mexico. it was conquered by Hernand Cortes; symbolizing European military and disease impact on Natives

Iroquois Confederacy

Alliance of five tribes in the Northeast. It created a strong political and military union; influenced later ideas of democracy

Matrilineal

System where lineage and inheritance are traced through mothers. Common among tribes like the iroquois; gave women social and political power

"Three Sisters"

Crops of Corn, Beans, and Squash. Provided nutritious sustainable diet for many native societies

Algonquin

Native peoples of the Northeast woodlands and Canada. Key players in trade and alliances, especially with the French in fur trade conflicts

Comanche

Plains tribe skilled in horse culture and warfare. Became dominant in the Southern Plains, controlling trade and resisting colonization

Sioux

Large plains confederation of Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota peoples. Major bison hunters and warriors; became central in later US-Native conflicts

Southwest Indians(Anazasi, Pueblo, Hopi)

Innovated with irrigation farming, adobe housing, and adapted to desert environments.

Creek

Southeastern tribe that were centeral in regional trade and politics, and they resisted European colonization effors, playing a key role in early American history

Cherokee

A native american nation in the south eastern area known for their farming and later for creating a written language. Significant in resisting European expansion, forming teaties with the US, and contributing to Native american culture preservation

Chinook

Located in Pacific Northwest, known for trade along the Columbia River. They facilitated regional trade networks and had complex social structures, influencing early european settlers and fur traders

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement led by figures like Martin Luther, that challenged the authority of the Catholic church. It changed European religion, politics, and society, and fueled European exploration and colonization as nations sought religious and economic influence overseas.

Small Pox

Decimated Native American populations after European contact, weakening indigenous societies and aiding European conquest of the Americas

Prince Henry of Portugal

Portuguese royal prince who sponsored exploration along the west coast of Africa. He helped launch the age of exploration, promoting navigation, trade, and portugaul colonial empire

Casta System

Social hierarchy established in Spanish America during the colonial period, classifying people based on their racial ancestry. It determined social status, legal rights, and economic opportunities, reinforcing racial inequality.

Jamestown

First ever English settlement in the Americas established in Virginia 1607, marking the beginning of English colonization in America, influencing political economic and cultural development

Christopher Columbus

Voyage opened the Americas to European exploration and colonization

Hernando Cortes

Led expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire. Conquest brought large territories of the Americas under Spanish Control and greatly enriched Spain with gold and silver

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered the Incas. Expanded Spanish influence in South America and introduced European systems of governance, religion, and economics to the region

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec empire. It was a major political, cultural, and economic center of the Aztec Empire, demonstrating advanced urban planning and engineering. Its fall to Cortes symbolized the collapse of Aztec power.