Personality types and theories

Personality has origins in what…?

Greek/latin

Allport believed that personality is…. (1961)

A dynamic organisation inside the person of psychophysical systems that create characteristic pattern of behaviour, thoughts and feelings

What is trait personality - 3 ways

Enduring/consistent/expected

What is state personalty - 3 ways

Depends on situation and environment/not fixed/linked to wellbeing

Who believed trait personality is often expected and state personality is more observable?

Steyer et al 1999

Nature is…

Biological and inheritable factors

Nurture is…

Social and environmental factors

How a person behaves across time is…?

Continuity

How a person behaves across situations is…?

Consistency

The distinctiveness of a person’s behaviour is…?

Uniqueness

Freudian theory of personality believed personality was shaped largely at an…

Unconscious level

Freud believed there were three components of personality and behaviour, these are…?

Id, ego, superego

The id is involved with what three things

Basic needs/survival/pleasure principle

The superego is involved in what three things

Informed by those around us and their expectations/acceptable and unacceptable behaviour/morality principle

The ego is involved in what four things

Balance desires of id and superego/anxiety can manifest as ego manages two side/defence mechanisms (justify behaviour)/rationality principle

The component of personality that is dominant, Freud believed would…

Dictate personality

Oral stage of psychosexual development (3)

Survival (drink milk)/socially acceptable/issues lead to aggression

Anal stage of psychosexual development (3)

Potty training/social impact/issues lead to obsessiveness

Phallic stage of psychosexual development (4)

Discover genitals/recognise difference in genitals/Oedipus and electra complex/issues lead to self obsession

Latent stage of psychosexual development (3)

Dormant libidio/socially acceptable activities (sex with appropriate people)/issues lead to insecurity

Genital stage of psychosexual development (2)

Sexual maturity/issues lead to sexual dysfunction

Learning theory - classical conditioning - would suggest that personality is due to…

Experiencing a situation

Learning theory - operant conditioning - would suggest that personality develops due to…

Our reactions to situations (positive or negative response alters our behaviour)

The humanistic theory of personality is a combination of…

Freudian and learning theory

The humanistic theory has a… foundation of basic survival and evolutionary needs

Freudian

As the humanistic theory progresses up Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the level become more concerned with….

Environmental experiences

If the lowest levels of Maslow’s pyramid are not met, this will result in the individual being…

Negative, aggressive and sensitive

If the highest levels of Maslow’s pyramid are reached, this will result in an individual’s personality being…

Cheerful, positive and having an internal locus of control