HAZARDOUS WASTE PART 1

Solid Wastes

Discarded solid materials from various activities.

Nonhazardous Municipal Wastes

Wastes from residential, commercial, and industrial sources.

Solid Waste Management Objective

Economical waste management protecting health and environment.

Waste Management Hierarchy

Source reduction, recycling, combustion, landfilling.

Solid Waste

Refuse not transported by water, rejected for use.

Garbage

Biodegradable food wastes, often putrescible.

Rubbish

Non-putrescible solid waste, includes combustibles.

Combustible Waste

Includes paper, plastics, and textiles.

Noncombustible Waste

Includes glass, metals, and masonry.

Special Wastes

Construction debris, leaves, and abandoned appliances.

Excluded Wastes

Ashes, sludges, and industrial wastes not municipal.

Urbanization

Population influx affecting waste characteristics.

Industrialization

Creates throwaway society, complicating material recovery.

Composition of Solid Wastes

Varies based on multiple influencing factors.

Factors Influencing Composition

Includes climate, collection frequency, and income.

Public Health Protection

Organic wastes breed disease, managed to reduce hazards.

Air Pollution

Caused by landfill and incinerator emissions.

Source Reduction

Minimizing waste amount and toxicity entering stream.

Recycling

Key practice in solid waste management hierarchy.

Recycling Programs

Require reliable markets and processing infrastructure.

Aluminum Recycling

Most successful recycled commodity in waste management.

Paper Recycling Challenges

Cheap virgin fiber limits post-consumer paper reuse.

Glass Recycling

Cullet requires lower temperatures, saving energy.

Plastic Recycling Issues

Low value and high costs hinder recycling rates.

Ferrous Metal Recycling

Tin cans are uneconomical and unsustainable to recycle.