Local History Final Exam

Monongahela

This river runs south of Pittsburgh into West Virginia

Delaware River

Forms PA’s eastern boundary and provided transportation for Philadelphia

Susquehanna River

Opened central PA to exploration and supported Native American settlement

Ohio River

Connects to the Mississippi River allowing trade to the south

Allegheny River

Runs north of Pittsburgh

PA Turnpike

First paved toll road in the United States

Allegheny Plateau Region

Largest PA region; eroded by streams; includes Mt. Davis

Atlantic Coastal Plain Region

Flat land along Delaware River; first European settlements

Piedmont Region

At the foot of mountains; fertile soil; Lancaster located here

Erie Region

Smallest PA region with fertile farmland

Ridge and Valley Region

One-third of PA; includes Appalachian and Pocono Mountains

Central Area Climate

Medium growing season covering ridge and valley region

Eastern Area Climate

Warmest region with longest growing season

Erie Plain Area Climate

Cool summers

Northern Area Climate

Cool temperatures; short growing season; dairy farming

PA Dutch

German-based language spoken in Lancaster County

Northeast-Central Dialect

Speech from Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area

Philadelphia Dialect

Urban slang from southeast PA

Pittsburgh Dialect

Western PA slang influenced by Irish immigrants

William Penn Trouble

Worshiped as a Quaker

Amish Split From

Mennonites

Mennonite Founder

Menno Simons

Amish Founder

Jacob Ammann

Quaker Founder

George Fox

Amish Origin

Europe

Holy Experiment

William Penn’s colony accepting all religions

King Who Granted PA

King Charles II

Rumspringa

Time Amish youth experience non-Amish life

Rumspringa Ages

From age 16 until joining the church

Uncovered Buggy

Courting

Anabaptist

Belief in adult baptism

Excommunicated and Shunned

Left or expelled after joining Amish church

High German

Language used in Amish religious services

Pacifism

Amish belief against fighting in wars

Hochmut

Amish humility before God

Wisconsin v Yoder

1972 case allowing Amish to leave school after 8th grade

Gelassenheit

Amish value of calmness and submission to God

Ordnung

Unwritten Amish rules

Amish Christianity

Protestant

Amish Weddings

Held Tuesdays and Thursdays in late fall

Amish Baptism Age

16

Amish Beards

Men grow them after marriage

Lancaster Buggy Colors

Gray top and black bottom with rounded corners

Rumspringa Return Rate

95 percent

NA War Before Penn

False

Native American Origins

True

Conestoga Massacre

True

Walking Purchase Benefit

False

Road Origins

Native American trails

Non-Iroquois Tribe

Susquehannock

NA Housing

Wigwams and longhouses

PA Native Language

Algonquin

Carlisle School Founder

Richard Pratt

Village Location Preference

Near water sources

Iroquois Confederation Size

Five nations

Delaware Tribe Name

Lenni Lenape

Treaty of 1682 Signer

William Penn

Carlisle School Purpose

Kill the Indian save the man

Walking Purchase Fraudster

Thomas Penn

Native Taught Crop

Corn

Disease Spread

Smallpox

Land Bridge

Bering Strait

First Tribes Encountered

Algonquin and Iroquois

Village Defense

Palisade

Native Worship

Nature

Native Currency

Wampum

Fluted Point Period

Paleo-Indian

Atlatl Period

Archaic

Soapstone Period

Transitional

Early Farming Period

Woodland

European Contact Period

Historic

Treaty of Peace

Great Treaty of 1682

Conestoga Killers

Paxton Boys

George Washington FIW

Young officer who built Fort Necessity

Robert Dinwiddie

Governor who sent Washington west

Edward Braddock

British general defeated near Fort Duquesne

Half-King

Iroquois ally who killed Jumonville

Ensign Jumonville

French diplomat whose death escalated war

John Armstrong

Led Kittanning attack

Henry Bouquet

Defended Fort Pitt

William Pitt

British PM; Pittsburgh named after him

Treaty of Easton

Stopped NA attacks on frontier

Fur Trade

Cause of French and Indian War

Chain of Forts

Over 200 forts built in PA

Chief Pontiac

Led 1763 Native rebellion

Fort Necessity

Washington’s defeat near Pittsburgh

Redcoats

British soldiers

Guerrilla Warfare

Surprise attacks by French and Natives

European Warfare

Line combat style

Fort Duquesne

French fort at Pittsburgh

Fort Pitt

British fort at Pittsburgh

Paxton Boys Raid

Massacred Conestoga Indians

George Washington Rev

Continental Army general and first president

John Dickinson

Proposed Olive Branch Petition

First Continental Congress

Met in Philadelphia

Independence Hall

Meeting place of Congress

Liberty Bell

Symbol of independence

Second Continental Congress

Declared independence

PA Line

Led by Mad Anthony Wayne

Associators

Defended frontier