Reproductive Physioogy- Exam 1

the brain

the brain

What is the most important reproductive organ?

cranial and pelvic

What are the two regions of reproductive physiology?

• hypothalamus

• pituitary gland

• hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

• sphenoid bone

What makes up the cranial region?

• Gonads

• Tube System

What makes up the pelvic region?

• produces and secretes hormones

• acts as a translator

• pulse generator

• Thermostat for the body

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

no

are the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary directly connected?

posterior is the sight of hormone storage whereas anterior pituitary sight of hormone synthesis

What is the main difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?

median eminence (base of the hypothalamus)

GnRH is released from hypothalamic neurons and enters the blood stream at the 

complete inhibition of the pituitary function

Severing the pituitary stalk results in what?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following reproductive organs receives signals from peripheral stimuli and responds to the stimuli in a pulsatile manner?

sella turcica

This structure encapsulates the pituitary gland to aid in protection and diffusion of releasing hormones from the anterior pituitary?

spermatogenesis shuts down

what happens if core body temperature is reached in the scrotum?

4-6º C cooler than body temperature

in livestock how much cooler do the testicles have to be in order for sperm production to occur?

allows for peristaltic contractions (sequential squeezing)

How does having both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers help the tube system?

ovulation fossa

Which of the following is present on the equine ovary that is not found on the ovary of other species?

cortex

Where are follicles and other functional structures located on the canine ovary?

corpus hemorrhagicum

similar to a large blood clot

corpus, caput, cauda

what are the structur of the epididymis

corpus luteum

what ovarian structure produces large amounts of progesterone?

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine cornua

After the ovary, the correct sequence of ducts that oovum pass through on their way toward the cervix is:    

Cremaster muscle, Tunica dartos, Scrotal skin, Pampiniform plexus

What are the structures that help keep the testicles at an ideal temperature?

corpus epididymis

In which section of the male reproductive tract does sperm become fertile?

releasing, stimulating

The hypothalamus produces (blank) hormones, and the anterior pituitary produces (blank) hormones

True

The shape of the glans penis is designed to optimize semen deposition in the female’s copulatory organ.

paracrine signaling

the 2-cell-2-gonadotropin model is an example of what kind of signaling?

cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors, small molecules

what are some characteristics of steroid hormones?

Suppression of primordial germ cells resulting in a reduced sperm count, without impacting testosterone synthesis by the interstitial cells.

Failure to maintain the testes 4-6 degrees cooler than normal body temperature results in...

neural tissue

What kind of tissue makes up the pituitary gland?

glandular tissue

what kind of tissue makes the anterior pituitary?

hypophyseal portal system

Where does the anterior pituitary gland’s blood supply come from?

indirectly via primary portal plexus

How are the hypothalamus and anterior lobe joined?

an extension of the hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary

what is the infundibular stalk?

provides protection and allows for distribution of hormones

what is the purpose of the sphenoid bone?

somatropes

Secrete somatotropin

adrenotropes

secret adrenocorticotropic hormone

thyrotropes

secret thyroid stimulating hormone

gonadotropes

secrete gonadotropins