Tobacco
Cash crop that saved the Virginia colony and brought prosperity
House of burgesses
1st mini parliament in NA, representative self government
Act of toleration
Granted toleration to all Christians, decreed death penalty to anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus
Sugar
Caribbean ārich mans cropā
Barbadosās slave code
Denied slaves basic rights and allowed masters to do whatever they wanteed
English civil war
Conflict between royalist and parlimentarians
Carolina
Mainland Caribbean outpost, mainly exported rice
Charlestown
Named after Charles II, busiest southern seaport
Squatters
People without legal rights tot heir land
Tuscarora war
Between NC and Indians, ended with 100s of Indians being sold into slavery
Yamasee indians
Last coastal southern Indians, defeated by SC
Buffer colony
Protected more important colonies from other nations (Georgia)
Martin Luther
95 thesis, sparked Protestant reformation
John Calvin
Religious leader who elaborated on Lutherās idedas
Calvinism
Based on Calvinās teaching of predestination
Predestination
Only some souls would be saved and it was predestined
The elect
The chosen souls in calvinism
Puritains
Devout English Christianās who wanted a total purification of the church
Visible saints
People living sanctified lives with holy behavior
Separatists
Vowed to break from the Church of England because they didnāt want to be with regular citizens
Mayflower compact
Agreement to form a majoritarian gov, signed on mayflower, founded self gov in the country
William Bradford
Self taught scholar, leader of pilgrims (elected 30x)
Massachusetts bay colony
Established by Puritans, grew to be the largest and most influential colony
Great English migration
70,000 refugees migrate to the new world
John Winthrop
First governor of mass.bay colony, served for 19 years
Congregational church
All puritanical congregations, membership was required to vote
Bible commonwealth
Mass.Bay Area colonies where religious leaders held a lot of influence
Anne hutchinson
Challenged the clergy and puritan views, outcast who was tried for heresy
Antinomianism
Belief that the elect donāt need to obey the law of either God or man
Roger Williams
Extreme separatist, challenged authority and was eventually banished, fled to RI and established Baptist church in US
Fundamental orders
First āmodern constitutionā, set up democratically controlled gov, later used in Conn. constitution
Massoit
Signed a treaty with pilgrims in 1621 and helped celebrate 1st thanksgiving
Pequot war
Clashes between settlers and Pequot Indians, ended in a slaughter of the Pequots
Metacom
Massasoitās son, known as king phillip
King Phillips war
Attacks on English settlers by metacom, slowed westward expansion, Indians were defeated
New England confederation
Union of mass. And conn. Colonies during English civil war
English civil war
1640s, time of colony neglect, ended when Charles II took the throne
Navigation laws
Regulated colonial shipping, only English ships could trade with colonies (beginning of smuggling)
William II and Mary II
Replaced Charles II on English throne
Sir Edmund Andros
Leader over dominion of new england
Glorious revolution
Bloodless overthrow of James II
Salutary neglect
Relaxed royal control over colonies, weakly enforced navigation laws
Quakers
āReligious society of friendsā, didnāt follow Church of England and gov, took no oaths, hated war
Henry Hudson
English explorer, found Hudson River, laid a Dutch claim to the area
Peter Stuyvesant
āFather wooden legā led Dutch conquest of new sweden, new Netherlands most influential Dutch gov
William Penn
Englishman who established penn. as an asylum for quakers
Blue laws
Restricted personal behavior outside a strict code of morality (NE and Penn.)
New Jersey
Successful Quaker colony
Bread colonies
Middle colonies with heave grain exports
Middle colonies
Mix between northern and southern colonies, diverse populations, religious tolerance, bread basket
Duke of York
James II, proprietor of NY
Patroonships
Office of a patroon (land ownership)
Commonwealth
Independent, self governing community
Autocratic
A ruler with absolute power