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US History

54 Terms

1

Tobacco

Cash crop that saved the Virginia colony and brought prosperity

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2

House of burgesses

1st mini parliament in NA, representative self government

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3

Act of toleration

Granted toleration to all Christians, decreed death penalty to anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus

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4

Sugar

Caribbean “rich mans crop”

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5

Barbados’s slave code

Denied slaves basic rights and allowed masters to do whatever they wanteed

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6

English civil war

Conflict between royalist and parlimentarians

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7

Carolina

Mainland Caribbean outpost, mainly exported rice

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8

Charlestown

Named after Charles II, busiest southern seaport

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9

Squatters

People without legal rights tot heir land

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10

Tuscarora war

Between NC and Indians, ended with 100s of Indians being sold into slavery

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11

Yamasee indians

Last coastal southern Indians, defeated by SC

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12

Buffer colony

Protected more important colonies from other nations (Georgia)

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13

Martin Luther

95 thesis, sparked Protestant reformation

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14

John Calvin

Religious leader who elaborated on Luther’s idedas

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15

Calvinism

Based on Calvin’s teaching of predestination

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16

Predestination

Only some souls would be saved and it was predestined

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17

The elect

The chosen souls in calvinism

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18

Puritains

Devout English Christian’s who wanted a total purification of the church

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19

Visible saints

People living sanctified lives with holy behavior

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20

Separatists

Vowed to break from the Church of England because they didn’t want to be with regular citizens

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21

Mayflower compact

Agreement to form a majoritarian gov, signed on mayflower, founded self gov in the country

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22

William Bradford

Self taught scholar, leader of pilgrims (elected 30x)

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23

Massachusetts bay colony

Established by Puritans, grew to be the largest and most influential colony

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24

Great English migration

70,000 refugees migrate to the new world

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25

John Winthrop

First governor of mass.bay colony, served for 19 years

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26

Congregational church

All puritanical congregations, membership was required to vote

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27

Bible commonwealth

Mass.Bay Area colonies where religious leaders held a lot of influence

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28

Anne hutchinson

Challenged the clergy and puritan views, outcast who was tried for heresy

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29

Antinomianism

Belief that the elect don’t need to obey the law of either God or man

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30

Roger Williams

Extreme separatist, challenged authority and was eventually banished, fled to RI and established Baptist church in US

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31

Fundamental orders

First “modern constitution”, set up democratically controlled gov, later used in Conn. constitution

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32

Massoit

Signed a treaty with pilgrims in 1621 and helped celebrate 1st thanksgiving

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33

Pequot war

Clashes between settlers and Pequot Indians, ended in a slaughter of the Pequots

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34

Metacom

Massasoit’s son, known as king phillip

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35

King Phillips war

Attacks on English settlers by metacom, slowed westward expansion, Indians were defeated

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36

New England confederation

Union of mass. And conn. Colonies during English civil war

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37

English civil war

1640s, time of colony neglect, ended when Charles II took the throne

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38

Navigation laws

Regulated colonial shipping, only English ships could trade with colonies (beginning of smuggling)

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39

William II and Mary II

Replaced Charles II on English throne

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40

Sir Edmund Andros

Leader over dominion of new england

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41

Glorious revolution

Bloodless overthrow of James II

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42

Salutary neglect

Relaxed royal control over colonies, weakly enforced navigation laws

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43

Quakers

“Religious society of friends”, didn’t follow Church of England and gov, took no oaths, hated war

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44

Henry Hudson

English explorer, found Hudson River, laid a Dutch claim to the area

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45

Peter Stuyvesant

“Father wooden leg” led Dutch conquest of new sweden, new Netherlands most influential Dutch gov

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46

William Penn

Englishman who established penn. as an asylum for quakers

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47

Blue laws

Restricted personal behavior outside a strict code of morality (NE and Penn.)

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48

New Jersey

Successful Quaker colony

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49

Bread colonies

Middle colonies with heave grain exports

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50

Middle colonies

Mix between northern and southern colonies, diverse populations, religious tolerance, bread basket

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51

Duke of York

James II, proprietor of NY

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52

Patroonships

Office of a patroon (land ownership)

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53

Commonwealth

Independent, self governing community

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54

Autocratic

A ruler with absolute power

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