Ch 3

Tobacco

Cash crop that saved the Virginia colony and brought prosperity

House of burgesses

1st mini parliament in NA, representative self government

Act of toleration

Granted toleration to all Christians, decreed death penalty to anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus

Sugar

Caribbean “rich mans crop”

Barbados’s slave code

Denied slaves basic rights and allowed masters to do whatever they wanteed

English civil war

Conflict between royalist and parlimentarians

Carolina

Mainland Caribbean outpost, mainly exported rice

Charlestown

Named after Charles II, busiest southern seaport

Squatters

People without legal rights tot heir land

Tuscarora war

Between NC and Indians, ended with 100s of Indians being sold into slavery

Yamasee indians

Last coastal southern Indians, defeated by SC

Buffer colony

Protected more important colonies from other nations (Georgia)

Martin Luther

95 thesis, sparked Protestant reformation

John Calvin

Religious leader who elaborated on Luther’s idedas

Calvinism

Based on Calvin’s teaching of predestination

Predestination

Only some souls would be saved and it was predestined

The elect

The chosen souls in calvinism

Puritains

Devout English Christian’s who wanted a total purification of the church

Visible saints

People living sanctified lives with holy behavior

Separatists

Vowed to break from the Church of England because they didn’t want to be with regular citizens

Mayflower compact

Agreement to form a majoritarian gov, signed on mayflower, founded self gov in the country

William Bradford

Self taught scholar, leader of pilgrims (elected 30x)

Massachusetts bay colony

Established by Puritans, grew to be the largest and most influential colony

Great English migration

70,000 refugees migrate to the new world

John Winthrop

First governor of mass.bay colony, served for 19 years

Congregational church

All puritanical congregations, membership was required to vote

Bible commonwealth

Mass.Bay Area colonies where religious leaders held a lot of influence

Anne hutchinson

Challenged the clergy and puritan views, outcast who was tried for heresy

Antinomianism

Belief that the elect don’t need to obey the law of either God or man

Roger Williams

Extreme separatist, challenged authority and was eventually banished, fled to RI and established Baptist church in US

Fundamental orders

First “modern constitution”, set up democratically controlled gov, later used in Conn. constitution

Massoit

Signed a treaty with pilgrims in 1621 and helped celebrate 1st thanksgiving

Pequot war

Clashes between settlers and Pequot Indians, ended in a slaughter of the Pequots

Metacom

Massasoit’s son, known as king phillip

King Phillips war

Attacks on English settlers by metacom, slowed westward expansion, Indians were defeated

New England confederation

Union of mass. And conn. Colonies during English civil war

English civil war

1640s, time of colony neglect, ended when Charles II took the throne

Navigation laws

Regulated colonial shipping, only English ships could trade with colonies (beginning of smuggling)

William II and Mary II

Replaced Charles II on English throne

Sir Edmund Andros

Leader over dominion of new england

Glorious revolution

Bloodless overthrow of James II

Salutary neglect

Relaxed royal control over colonies, weakly enforced navigation laws

Quakers

“Religious society of friends”, didn’t follow Church of England and gov, took no oaths, hated war

Henry Hudson

English explorer, found Hudson River, laid a Dutch claim to the area

Peter Stuyvesant

“Father wooden leg” led Dutch conquest of new sweden, new Netherlands most influential Dutch gov

William Penn

Englishman who established penn. as an asylum for quakers

Blue laws

Restricted personal behavior outside a strict code of morality (NE and Penn.)

New Jersey

Successful Quaker colony

Bread colonies

Middle colonies with heave grain exports

Middle colonies

Mix between northern and southern colonies, diverse populations, religious tolerance, bread basket

Duke of York

James II, proprietor of NY

Patroonships

Office of a patroon (land ownership)

Commonwealth

Independent, self governing community

Autocratic

A ruler with absolute power