Subroutines and Flowcharts

Flowchart

A diagram using shapes and arrows to represent an algorithm visually

Algorithm

A series of steps followed to solve a problem

Pseudocode

A language for expressing algorithms using structured statements

Input

Data put into an algorithm for processing

Output

Result displayed or produced by an algorithm

Loop

Repetitive code execution in an algorithm

Decision

Comparison used to determine code execution in an algorithm

Process

Action performed on data to bring about a change

Variable

Space in computer memory storing data, identified by a name

Concatenate

Joining two strings together in programming

Terminator Box

Start or Stop symbol in a flowchart

Flow Line

Arrow indicating the flow of execution in a flowchart

Structured Statements

Statements in pseudocode following a specific format

Symbol for Input

Representation of data input in a flowchart or pseudocode

Symbol for Output

Representation of data output in a flowchart or pseudocode

Identifier

Name given to a variable, subroutine, or function

Ampersand

Symbol used to concatenate values in programming

Start Symbol

Symbol indicating the beginning of an algorithm or flowchart

Stop Symbol

Symbol indicating the end of an algorithm or flowchart

Structured Output

Outputting data in a specific format in programming

Structured Input

Inputting data in a specific format in programming

Comparison Operator

Symbol used to compare values in programming

Arithmetic Calculation

Performing mathematical operations in an algorithm

Average Calculation

Determining the mean value of a set of numbers in an algorithm

Variable Storage

Storing data in a variable within an algorithm

Symbol for Process

Representation of an action performed on data in a flowchart or pseudocode

Comparison

Evaluating two items to determine if they are equal or one is greater

Selection

Using conditional statements to choose a course of action

Diamond Symbol

Represents a selection in a flowchart

Selection Box

Contains a question with two possible answers in a flowchart

Comparison Operators

Symbols used to compare values, like '>', '<=', '!=', etc.

ELSE

Keyword in pseudocode for an alternative condition

CASE Statement

Structure in pseudocode for multiple conditional branches

Processes

Actions performed in a program, shown in rectangular boxes

Assignment

Giving a variable a specific value

Connector Symbol

Indicates continuation of a flowchart on another page

Modulus Division

Operation that gives the remainder of a division

Power of

Mathematical operation to raise a number to a certain power

Default Keyword

Used in a CASE statement when no other conditions are met

Connector symbol

Symbol used to connect elements in a flowchart

Iteration

Repeating a section of code for a fixed number of times or until a specific outcome is achieved

Count-controlled loop

A loop where the number of iterations is predetermined and controlled by a counter variable

Condition-controlled loop

A loop that runs based on a condition rather than a set number of iterations

FOR loop

A loop that repeats a section of code for a specified number of times

WHILE loop

A loop that continues to run as long as a specified condition is true

REPEAT UNTIL loop

A loop that continues to run until a specified condition is met

Increment

The act of adding 1 to a variable or value

Pseudocode algorithm

A detailed, human-readable description of a computer program that uses programming language-like syntax

Counter

A variable used to keep track of the number of iterations in a loop

Total

The sum of all values or numbers

Average

A measure of central tendency calculated by dividing the sum of values by the number of values

Symbol

Representative icon used in flowcharts to depict different operations or actions

Counter variable

A variable used to keep track of the number of iterations in a loop

Incrementing

The process of increasing a value by a specified amount

Subroutine

Independent set of instructions with an identifier, called from other parts of a program

Parameter

Piece of data sent to a subroutine for processing

Length

Number of characters in a string

Mid

Extract a portion of a string based on position and length

Lower

Convert string to all lowercase letters

Char

Return a specific character from a string based on position

Upper

Convert string to all uppercase letters

Extract

Retrieve specific information from a larger set of data

Decrement

Decrease the value of a variable by a specific amount

Value

Data stored in a variable or passed as a parameter

Return

Pass control back to the part of the program that called a subroutine

Condition

Statement that evaluates to true or false, affecting program flow

Call

Invoke a subroutine to perform a specific task