US History Topic 1

Aztecs

• Had MANZINE + beans and squash

• Economy was rooted in trade and agriculture

Native American relations among themselves

• They were not united

• Political, Linguistic differences did not let them unite

European Exploration 3 G

• Gold

• Glory

• God

Colombian Exchange (definition)

Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, knowledge about food and tech as well as culture between the "Old and New world"

Middle Passage

forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

Relationship between Europeans and NA

• Misunderstandings regarding land, resources and cultural beliefs

• Europeans= Believed they were superior

• American Indians= Believed they were more intelligent and resourceful b/c they knew the land

Motives for exploration

• spread religion

• gain wealth

• find alternative route to Asia

Inca NA

• largest empire in the Americas

• Complex administrative system and a network of paved roads all under 1 gov

• 12 mil ppl Emperor Huayna Capac

Missisipians (Mound Builders) NA

• Cahokia (city) major trading center

• Economy was agriculture based (MAZIE)

• Politics- Chiefdom characterized by a settlement hierarchy and institutionalized social stratification (at times physically and race based *here more by wealth)

• Religion- Polytheistic (more than one god)

Iroquois (Loc- NE woodlands) NA

• Thick forests with rivers and lakes

• Economy- Mixed agricultural, fishing and hunting and gathering

• Tribes- lineage traced back through the mother not the father, women took general charge of the village.

• Housing- multifamily longhouses (often 200+ feet in length)

• Politics- Five nation confederacy served as a loose governing council of the surrounding tribes

Pueblo NA

• SW desert arid environment

• Economy- Agriculture economy

• Using drying farming and advanced irrigation techniques (Corn Squash Beans Three sisters)

• Housing- Multi-story buildings using adobe mud (sun dried brick) and stone

Great Plains Natives

• Loc- Great plains few grassland and rivers

• Economy- Pastoral economy based on hunting and gathering. Buffalo=source=they follow the food

• Housing- buffalo skin teepees that are travel friendly

European Problems pre america

• Political Change (E got divided)

• Population Growth

• Religious transition (protestant reformation)

Christopher Columbus

• Spanish explorer who stumbled upon America

• Never found gold or spices

• Sparked European competition

Treaty of Tordesillas

treaty between the Spanish and the Portuguese that the Pope had made: Spain= W Portugal= E

When did the French gain interest in the new land?

after the voyages of Jacques Cartier

1492 VOYAGE: GOALS & OUTCOME (columbus)

G- To find rescores for Europe & faster route to Asia

O- Found little gold and spices & Landed in the Bahamas

Feudalism

monarchs gave land for military (losing popularity)

Joint Stock Companies

A business where shares were sold by shareholders and it lowered the risk of the investors

Encomienda System

A system made to control the natives The king of Spain would tell the natives that they could live on the land(og theirs) if they worked for the Spaniards.

Spanish Claims

17 century Caribbean islands, Mexico, South Americas, Florida and American Southwest

OG Spanish goal

Were to care for and convert the natives to Catholicism but instead enslave

Repartimiento System

where natives were legally free (still treated bad)

Asiento System

colonist had to pay taxes on for each enslaved person they had imported

Casta System

race based system that determined ones status

In what ways was NA culture considered backwards?

• Animism/polytheism

• land=sharing

• division of labor

• -Gender and power- women had important roles

Bartolome de las Casas

Spanish priest documented Spanish atrocities and demanded NA shouldn't be enslaves (only for NA)

Valladolid Debate

argument between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.

Where did the English settle in the Americas?

• areas with little native empires(little forced labor)

• In the beginning there was coexistence

• Indians were expelled rather that enslaved

French in America

The French maintained a good relationship with the natives in hopes for trade. (not a big threat bc their weren't many of them)