Organizational Theory: Human Relations and Open Systems

Flashcards covering Human Relations Theory, Open Systems Theory, Contingency Theory, Resource Dependence Theory, and Institutional Theory, including isomorphism and its processes.

What is the primary focus of Human Relations Theory?

The worker, including recognition of worker needs and behavior.

According to Human Relations Theory, where does motivation primarily come from?

The gratification resulting from task accomplishment.

Which types of decision-making and judgment are emphasized in the organizational structure aligned with Human Relations Theory?

Lower-level decision-making and professional judgment.

What are the three most common types of Open Systems Theory that apply to the criminal justice system?

Contingency Theory, Resource Dependence Theory, and Institutional Theory.

What is the main idea behind Contingency Theory regarding organizational arrangements?

The ideal arrangement depends on, or is contingent on, external factors that impact an organization’s performance.

What is one major criticism of Contingency Theory?

There is an endless list of possible contingencies, and questions arise about whether organizations can rationally adapt to them or link their actions to performance outcomes.

What concept does Resource Dependence Theory highlight about organizational choices?

Organizations are constrained by their reliance on the external environment for critical resources, not always making choices based solely on improving organizational performance.

According to Institutional Theory, what shapes organizational structures and practices?

Expectations of what organizations should do, stemming from public opinion, views of important constituents, and laws.

What phenomenon describes organizations in the same field tending to resemble one another, adopting similar structures or practices?

Isomorphism.

What are the three processes that contribute to isomorphism?

Coercive, Mimetic, and Normative.

What type of isomorphism occurs when organizations are forced to adopt similar structures or strategies through laws or funding?

Coercive isomorphism.