APES Unit 2: Human Populations
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22 Terms
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Developed nation
A nation with established agriculture and industry, advanced technology, and a strong educational system.
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Birth rates
Number of births in a year for every 1000 people
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Death rates
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
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Immigration
The number of people entering a country which will increase the population size
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Emigration
the number of people leaving the country which decreases a population size
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Less developed nation
A country that lacks the economic, social, and technological infrastructure of a developed nation.
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Growth rate
the amount by which a population's size changes in a given time
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Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
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Logistic growth
Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth
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Exponential growth
Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
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Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
When per capita birth and death rates are equal. (r \= 0)
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Fecundity
An organism's reproductive capacity (the number of offspring it's capable of producing).
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Natality
The ratio of the number of births to the size of the population
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Demography
Scientific study of human populations.
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Age structure
Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.
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Replacement level fertility
The total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size
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Mortality
Death rate
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Demographic transition
The change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
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Family planning
The regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control
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Survivorship
The percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age
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Carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
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Anthropogenic
Caused by humans
Note 
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