APES Unit 2: Human Populations

2nd unit guys!

Developed nation

A nation with established agriculture and industry, advanced technology, and a strong educational system.

Birth rates

Number of births in a year for every 1000 people

Death rates

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Immigration

The number of people entering a country which will increase the population size

Emigration

the number of people leaving the country which decreases a population size

Less developed nation

A country that lacks the economic, social, and technological infrastructure of a developed nation.

Growth rate

the amount by which a population's size changes in a given time

Doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Logistic growth

Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth

Exponential growth

Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

When per capita birth and death rates are equal. (r \= 0)

Fecundity

An organism's reproductive capacity (the number of offspring it's capable of producing).

Natality

The ratio of the number of births to the size of the population

Demography

Scientific study of human populations.

Age structure

Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.

Replacement level fertility

The total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size

Mortality

Death rate

Demographic transition

The change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Family planning

The regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

Survivorship

The percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age

Carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Anthropogenic

Caused by humans