Anatomy & Physiology (LAB 7 & 8a) - CNS & Cranial Nerves

structures of the brain & cranial nerves

frontal lobe

movement of the body, personality, concentration, planning, problem solving, meaning of words, emotional reactions, speech, & smell

parietal lobe

touch and pressure, taste, & body awareness

temporal lobe

hearing, recognizing faces, emotion, & long-term memory

occipital lobe

sight

insula (central lobe)

gustation, visceral functions, & vestibular senses

cerebellum

“little brain” balance & coordination & fine motor control

limbic lobe

controls emotions like happiness, sadness, and love

cingulate gyrus

part of limbic system; choice & control over one’s emotions & actions, “will” & determination

thalamus

part of diencephalon; major sensory relay/receiver

midbrain

part of brain stem; startle reflex, vision & hearing

pons

part of brain stem; breathing, REM, urination

spinal cord

conveys the information between the brain and the periphery

corpus callosum

inferior to cingulate gyrus

primary visual cortex

part of occipital lobe; vision & visual association areas

primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus

motor homonculus

somatosensory cortex/postcentral gyrus

part of parietal lobe; receives and processes sensory information

parieto-occipital sulcus

part of cerebrum; slightly vertical groove at the division between the parietal and occipital lobes

longitudinal fissure

part of cerebrum; groove that separates left/right hemispheres

septum pellucidum

thin triangular membrane found in midline septal area of brain

central sulcus

large sulcus of the brain located between the frontal and parietal lobes

lateral sulcus

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Broca's area

part of frontal lobe; speech production and articulation

frontal eye field

voluntary eye movement

prefrontal cortex

most of frontal lobe; decision making, reasoning, personality expression and social cognition

sensory homunculus

show how bodies are represented within the brain

calcarine sulcus

part of occipital lobe; houses the primary visual cortex

vermis

part of cerebellum; medial part of cerebellum that’s responsible for bodily posture and locomotion

arbor vitae

part of cerebellum; “tree of life”

epithalamus

pineal gland

which secrete melatonin in response to darkness

hypothalamus

part of the limbic system; emotional controls, feeding & fullness, thirst, thermoregulation, visceral sensations (true homeostasis site)

hippocampus

part of limbic system; primary site for memory & emotion

amygdala

part of limbic system; aggression, anger, anxiety, ANS, & adrenal nerve

Wernicke’s area

comprehension of speech

fornix

olfactory (I)

sensory only; carries impulses for olfaction to frontal temporal lobes & limbic system

Test: sniff aromics

optic (II)

sensory only; carries impulses for vision to occipital lobe

Test: Snellen eye chart

oculomotor (III)

mixed; directs eyeball & raises upper eyelid

Test: w/ IV & VI

trochlear (IV)

mixed; allows precise movements of eye

Test: w/ III & VI

trigeminal (V)

mixed; sensory to face & chewing

Test: sharp & light touch

abducens (VI)

mixed; innervates lateral rectus eye muscle

Test: w/ III & IV

facial (VII)

mixed; motor to face & taste

Test: taste & facial expressions

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

sensory only; hearing & balance

Test: w/ 512 tuning fork

glossopharyngeal (IX)

mixed; motor impulses to muscle in pharynx involved in swallowing

Test: by speaking, coughing

vagus (X)

mixed; provides gag reflex

Test: w/ IX both do swallowing

accessory (XI)

mixed; supplies SCM & trapezius

Test: contract against resistance

hypoglossal (XII)

mixed; motor control to tongue, swallowing, & speech

Test: protrude/retract tongue