BMS 508 P1

systolic blood pressure

The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

vasa vasorum

what is this

valve of vein

what is 6

Adrenal gland

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Anterior pituitary gland

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Arteries

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Atherosclerosis

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Blood smear with eosinophil and basophil

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Blood smear with lymphocyte and monocyte

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Blood smear with neutrophil

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Cardiac muscle

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Lymph node

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Myocardial infarction

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Ovary gland

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Pancreas gland

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Peyer's patches of appendix

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Posterior pituitary gland

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Skeletal muscle

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Smooth muscle

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Spleen

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Testes gland

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Thymus

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Thymus gland

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Thyroid gland

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Tonsil

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Veins

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**Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)**

\

name ECG pattern

**Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)**

\-Non visible P wave

\-Wide QRS

\

name ECG pattern

**Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)**

\-No p-wave seen

\-Narrow QRS

\-Normal St/T wave

\-Normal QT

name ECG pattern

**Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)**

name ECG pattern

**Sinus Tachycardia**

\-Not visible P wave

\-Narrow QRS

\-Sligth lateral ST depression

\-over 100 bpm

\

name ECG pattern

**Sinus Bradycardia**

\-Narrow QRS

\-less than 60 bpm

name ECG pattern

**Atrial Flutter (AFL)**

\-**irregular R-R intervals**

name ECG pattern

**Torsades de Pointes**

\-QRS complexes all look very different.QT interval

* Long QT interval

name ECG pattern

**Heart Block FIRST DEGREE**

\-prolonged PR interval

\-lengthened but constant distance between the P wave and QRS complex

name ECG pattern

P wave

\-atrial depolarization

What does the orange represent

ST segment

\-ventricular depolarization

what does the purple represent

PR interval

\-delay of Av node to allow filling of ventricles

What does the green represent

QRS complex

\-ventricular depolarization

What does pink represent

T wave

\-ventricular depolarization

what does blue represent

Bottom dip at end of QRS

Where is S wave

Neutrophil

\-50-70%

\-ingest pathogens using \n phagocytosis

\-Lobed nuclei (aka polymorphonuclear \n leukocytes) \n -Anti-bacterial activity

\-granulocyte \n

Identify leukocyte:

Eosinophil

\-2-4%

\-use enzymes against parasitic \n worm

\-2 nuclear lobes connected by stalk

\-Secrete enzymes onto surfaces of parasite

\-granulocyte

Identify leukocyte:

Basophil

\-0.5-1%

\-release pro-inflammatory \\n histamine

\-large coarse cytoplasmic granules, purple/blue black

\-Produce the pro-inflammatory \n molecule called histamine

\-U or S shaped nucleus – often \n difficult to see because of granules

\-granulocyte

Identify leukocyte:

Lymphocyte

\-25-45%

\-have large nuclei & will \n inhabit lymph nodes

\-Large dark staining nucleus that occupies \n most of the cell volum, thin pale blue rim of cytoplasm

\-Agranulocytes

Identify leukocyte

Monocyte

\-3-8%

\-large, monstrous, & will \n become macrophages

\-Dark staining kidney/U-shaped nucleus

\-Abundant pale-blue cytoplasm

\-Agranulocytes

Identify leukocyte

O-

Universal donor

AB+

Universal receiver

O-, A-, B-, AB-

If you have type AB- you can receive:

ALL

If you have type AB+ you can receive:

O-, B-

If you have type B- you can receive:

O+, O-, B+, B-

If you have type B+ you can receive:

O-, A-

If you have type A- you can receive:

O+, O-, A+, A-

If you have type A+ you can receive:

O-

If you have type O- you can receive:

O+, O-

If you have type O+ you can receive:

connects the heart to all cells & body tissues

• Arteries move away from the heart, deliver blood • Veins move towards the heart, collect blood

• Arteries branch and get smaller

• Veins merge and get larger

• Almost all arteries are paired with a same-name vein

• EXCEPT: carotid arteries & jugular veins

• EXCEPT: “bonus” veins: cephalic, basilic, great saphenous

• EXCEPT: hepatic portal system

\
(oxygenated blood)

lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aortic SL valve -> aorta -> body

\

The systemic circuit

Pulmonary trunk, arteries deliver blood to the lungs; pulmonary veins deliver blood back to the heart

\
(deoxygenated blood)

body –> inferior/superior vena cava –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary SL valve -> pulmonary arteries –> lungs

\
\

Pulmonary circuit

\-Closing of AV valves creates ... sound

• The start of ventricular systole

• Ventricular contraction

• End of QRS complex

Lub:

• Closing of SL valves creates … sound

• The start of ventricular diastole

• Ventricular relaxation

• End of T wave

Dub:

valves do not fully open

• Sounds like higher-pitched screeching

Stenosis

valves do not fully close,

causing leaking across the valve

• Sounds “swishy” or “gurgley

Regurgitant

temporal artery

1

\

carotid

2

apical pulse

3

brachial

4

radial

5

femoral

6

popliteal artery

7

posterior tibial artery

8

pedal

9

Right Common Carotid Artery

Left Common Carotid Artery

Right Subclavian Artery

Left Subclavian Artery

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Aortic Arch

Aortic Arch

Pulmonary Trunk

Right Pulmonary Artery

Left Pulmonary Artery

Right Subclavian Artery

Axillary Artery

Brachial Artery

Radial Artery

Ulnar Artery

Splenic Artery

Celiac Trunk

Common Hepatic Artery

Renal artery

Right Gastric Artery

Left Gastric Artery

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Right & Left Gonadal Arteries

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Abdominal Aorta

Gonadal Artery

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Common Iliac Artery

Internal Iliac Artery