Overview of Greek and Roman Art History, Renaissance Art: Key Masters and Movements

Greece

Ancient civilization known for art and philosophy.

Rome

Ancient civilization influential in law and architecture.

Idealism

Focus on achieving perfection in art and form.

Sub-periods of Greek Art

Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Geometric.

Archaic Period

Early Greek art characterized by rigid forms.

Classical Period

Greek art emphasizing harmony and proportion.

Hellenistic Period

Art reflecting emotional expression and movement.

Geometric Period

Characterized by geometric patterns in art.

Vase-painting Techniques

Black-figure and red-figure painting styles.

Proportion of Human Form

Ideal height ratio is 8 heads tall.

"Know thyself."

Greek maxim emphasizing self-awareness and identity.

Doric Order

Simplest Greek architectural style, sturdy columns.

Ionic Order

Elegant Greek style with scroll-like capitals.

Corinthian Order

Most ornate Greek style, elaborate capitals.

Parthenon

Temple dedicated to Athena, located in Athens.

Entasis

Curvature in columns to counteract visual distortion.

Capitoline Wolf

Statue symbolizing Rome's founding myth.

Verism

Art style focusing on realistic portrayals.

Imperial Portraits

Political images representing Roman leaders.

Doryphoros

Sculpture by Polyclitus exemplifying ideal human form.

Pantheon

Temple in Rome for all gods.

Concrete

Key building material enabling Roman architectural innovation.

Barrel Vault

Architecture feature resembling a continuous series of arches.

Groin Vault

Intersection of two barrel vaults.

Dome

Curved roof structure, significant in Roman architecture.

Renaissance

14th-century revival of classical Greek and Roman styles.

Linear Perspective

Technique creating depth using converging lines.

Rilievo Schiacciato

Extremely low relief sculpture incorporating perspective.

Cangiante

Technique of changing hues in highlights and shadows.

Sfumato

Painting style with soft transitions, no harsh outlines.

Unione

Combination of sfumato and vibrant color retention.

Donatello

Early Renaissance sculptor known for expressive figures.

Michelangelo

Sculptor and painter, known as 'Il Divino'.

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance man, famous for sfumato technique.

Raffaello Sanzio

Artist known for Madonnas and unione style.

Mannerism

Art style influenced by Michelangelo's techniques.

The Ascension with Christ

Marble sculpture depicting Christ giving keys to Peter.

Penitent Magdalene

Wood sculpture displayed in Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Michelangelo's painted masterpiece, took four years.

David

Carrara marble statue, 5.17 meters tall.

Pieta

Marble sculpture of Mary holding Jesus, Vatican City.

Moses

Marble statue created for Pope Julius II's tomb.

School of Athens

Fresco depicting philosophers, located in Vatican City.

Impressionism

Art movement focused on capturing light effects.

Post-Impressionism

Movement emphasizing personal expression and color.

Dadaism

Art movement challenging traditional aesthetics and norms.

Surrealism

Art movement exploring dream-like and fantastical imagery.

Pop Art

Movement using popular culture and mass media themes.

Photorealism

Art style creating lifelike representations from photographs.

Performance Art

Art form involving live actions by artists.

Installation Art

Artworks designed for specific environments or spaces.

Street Art

Visual art created in public locations.