flagellates - parasitology exam

types of flagellates

trichomonas, giardia, leishmania, trypansoma

types of trichomonas

vaginalis

natural reservoir for trichomonas.

humans.

transmitted/pathogenic form for trichomonas

trophozoite/trophozoite

transmission of trichomonas

person to person via sex, ping pong effect

disease of trichomonas in women

asymptomatic, scant watery discharge, vaginitis

disease of trichomonas in men

typically asymptomatic

treatment of trichomonas

antiparasitics

prevention of trichomonas

safe sex

types of giardia

lamblia, others

natural reservoir for giardia

wildlife - especially muskrats, beavers

transmitted/pathogenic form for giardia

cyst/trophozoite

transmission of giardia

contaminated water

disease of giardia

incubation of 1-4 days. 50% asymptomatic, mild diarrhea, severe malabsorption. can become chronic infection

treatment of giardia.

antiparasitic drugs.

prevention of giardia

clean water - filters, chemcials

other important info about giardia

problematic for individuals with iga deficiency

types of leishmania

multiple

natural reservoir for leishmania

mammals - rodents, opposums, anteaters, sloths, cats, dogs

transmitted/pathogenic form for leishmania

/amastigote

transmission of leishmania

sandfly

disease of leishmania

cutaneous, visceral - very damaging, scarring, potentially lethal

treatment of leishmania

antiparasitic drugs (resistance)

prevention of leishmania

avoid sandflies, control population

types of trypanosoma

brucei, cruzi

natural reservoir of brucei

humans

transmitted/pathogenic form of brucei

trypomastigote/trypomastigote

transmission of brucei

tsetse fly

disease of brucei

long incubation. lethargy, tremors, meningoencephalitis, convulsions, coma, death. have to accumulate lots of parasites

treatment of brucei

antiparasitic drugs, have to catch early

prevention of brucei

control insect population, protect self from insects

name/location of brucei

sleeping sickness, africa

name/location of cruzi

chagas disease, south america

natural reservoir of cruzi

wild animals

transmitted/pathogenic form of cruzi

trypomastigote/trypomastigote

transmission of cruzi

reduviid bug (kissing bug), likes mucosal surfaces

acute disease of cruzi

fever, chills, fatigue (death can occur)

chronic disease of cruzi

hepatosplenomegaly, myocarditis, enlargement of esophagus and colon (death)

treatment of cruzi

antiparasitic drugs (acute), nothing (chronic)

prevention of cruzi

control insect population, protect self