Cold War World Cultures

Lily Made these :) Appriciated

The 3 Ds

Devastation - 20 million dead, 20 million displaced, homeless, jobless, infrastructure ruined, government cant helpDivision - agreement Great Britain, and USA has with USSR that they could conquer/rebuild countries but USSR would not leave countries after they got back on their feet Decolonization - end of European domination over the world; empires collapsing, freedom over Asia and Africa though some people had to fight

Kenan Domino Theory

Soviet expansion led to more soviet expansionAllow one country to fall to communism and more will follow

Greece and Turkey

Truman gains money for containment and Greece and Turkey remain out of Communism's grasp

Truman Containment Theory

To keep "dominos" from falling the Soviets must not be allowed to expand, without expansion, Authoritarian Socialism will not be successful - this does not require violence

Berlin Crisis (1948-1949)

Stalin blockaded Western Berlin in hoped to kick us out and unify Western Germany under CommunismUSA airlifted supplies and food into the city, making it clear that if our planes were shot down it would be an act of warStalin reopened railroads

Marshall Plan

USA didn't want post war poverty to push Europe to join USSR, and we didn't want to go back into Great DepressionUSA donated billions of dollars into a rebuilding program for countries who were democratic, tying our economies together and created more trade and investment

NATO Treaty

Comprehensive defense agreement (attack on one is attack on all)Western Europe, Greece, Canada, and Turkey

USSR Successful Nuclear Test

USSR stole plans from Manhattan Project and created their own bomb (USA no longer have "trump card"/superior army)

Warsaw Pact

Alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nationsUSA could have undermined USSR but didn't

Defeat of Chiang Kai-shek

Mao defeated democracy in China and joined Soviets

Korean War

Communist North Korea invaded South KoreaUSA was pushed into action, sending military into South Korea to push back against Communists (lost 30,000 soldiers)Containment became a permanent policy after this

3 Pronged Plan for Recovery

1. become close to USA (politically, militarily, + economically)- USA picked up coast defense so Western Europe could do other things- USA developed into trading and investment partner (Marshall Plan)2. Western Europe create ECSC and ECC and lower competition, expands what is traded- give Europe more negotiating and buying power than could be achieved by individual nation states (ECSC and ECC)3. Shared Social Vision- everyone should be politically free, and in comfortable middle class (comes with high taxes)

1950 - 1991 Bad Stuff

North Korea invades South Korea, USA lost soldiersUSSR invades Afghanistan during détenteUSSR successful nuclear testMilitary dictators (Portugal, Spain, and Greece)Northern Ireland - declared democracy, want everyone to be Catholic; British army fights against N.I. Catholic terroristsSeparatists - minorities in countries want independence; idea of independence downplayed because we want buffer countries in cold warBerlin wallCuban Missile Crisis - USSR put nukes in Cuba

Nikita Khrushchev

Reorganized economy (gave a little more economic freedom to factories and farms)Stock piled weapons (400 nukes)Sputnik and Space Race - 1957 USSR launched first orbiting satelliteCuban Missile Crisis, USSR put missiles in Cuba and USA blockaded itBerlin Wall - East Germans escaping USSR, brain drain hurt so USSR fortified border (short run-USA backed down; long run - wall became symbol of Communism evilness)

Brinkmanship Crisis

Berlin Wall - USA airlifted resources to peopleChinese Communist Revolution - Mao took over ChinaKorean War - North Korea invaded South, and USA sent troops to push North backCuban Missile Crisis - USA blockaded Cuba and USSR removed nukesVietnam War - USA sent troops, USSR tried to get Vietnam to be communist

Brinkmanship

Both countries pushing each other to the edge of war, trying to get the other side to back downHard to deal with constantly supporting and giving money to the military, and economy was struggling, everyone tired of the tension

Brezchnev

Produced more goods and raised standard of living1970s Russia fell behind the West, citizens lost confidence in communismOfficials only trying to help themselves and make themselves richerDuring Détente, USSR invaded Afghanistan

Détente

Relaxation of tensions, countries talk to each other, with us or against us became more strategical USA able to focus on things other than the Cold War, signed arms limitationUSSR took it as a go to gain more power and invaded Afghanistan

Reagan Administration

1981, hybrid policy would not take crap from USSR but also not pushing them too hard- decreasing USSRs access to technology- diminish USSRs resources- increase USAs military budget

Decline of Soviet Union

USA funded Afghan rebelsReagan Administration ramped up and funded anti-Soviet rhetoric, "The Evil Empire"USA increased military spendingSuccessors to Breschev kept dying, Eastern Europe edging out of Soviet controlAfghanistan made Soviets lose money, people, and resourcesNo one believed in communism, and short supply of consumer goodsOil prices dropped and reduced USSR export earnings