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How many bonds can carbon form?
4
Why can carbon for 4 bonds?
It has 4 valence electrons
Organic compounds have a _____ bonded to a _____
carbon, hydrogen
Is carbon scarce or abundant?
abundant
Carbon forms what kind of bonds?
covalent
What do covalent bonds mean?
sharing electrons
Are carbon bonds the strongest or weakest type of bond between atoms?
strongest
What is the backbone of every single organic molecule?
carbon
Electrons can _____ in their shells but neutrons are _____ _____ _____ in their shells.
move, locked in place
Fatty acids contain unbranched chains of up to how many carbon atoms?
20
a single carbon with four single covalent bonds all to hydrogen
methane
two carbon atoms and bonds to two different other elements
ethanol
single covalent bonds and one double bond
ethanoic acid
with two rings both with carbons and nitrogens and sharing of electrons in the ring
adenine
an omega-3 fatty acid with a chain of 18 carbon atoms containing 3 double bonds
linolenic acid
one carbon with two single covalent bonds to two hydrogens and a double bond to an oxygen
carboxyl group
compounds with molecules based on carbon atoms chain
organic compounds
compounds with molecules with no carbon C-C or C-H covalent bonds
inorganic compounds
Monosaccharides are linear, but form what type of structure in water?
ring structure
Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of what they possess?
carbons
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all what?
C6H12O6
What is C5H10O4?
deoxyribose
What are the four properties of monosaccharides?
solubility, transportability, chemical stability, energy
Glucose is soluble in aqueous solutions and easily transported around because it is _____ and _____
polar, hydrophillic
Because monosaccharides have strong covalent bonds, they’re very _____
stable
The property of chemical stability in monosaccharides is very useful for what?
food storage
A condensation reaction between two monomers creates what?
disaccharide
Does the beta glucose or the alpha glucose have the OH strands going in opposite directions?
beta glucose
connection between carbon or one sugar molecule with the hydrogen or another sugar, removing water
glycosidic pond
glucose + fructose = _____
sucrose
glucose + galactose = _____
lactose
glucose + glucose = _____
maltose
Hydrogen produces what for respiration that glucose also gives a lot of?
ATP
Glucose has how many isomers?
2
polysaccharide that is unbranched, has a single carbon, has only 1-4 glycosidic bonds, has a curved helix, and is used for energy storage in plants
amylose
polysaccharide that is highly branched, has more energy, has 1-6 glycosidic bonds, has cross linking, is a straight chain, and is found in plants and fungi
amylopectin
branched polysaccharide of a glucose, has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds, has more branches, and is found in animals and fungi
glycogen
polymer that has two different chains of beta glucose, is found in cell wall of plants, and is cross-linked with hydrogen bonds
cellulose
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
an alpha glucose that stores energy in plants
starch
the opposite of a condensation reaction where H2O and sucrase enter
hydrolysis reaction
What are the two main components of starch?
amylose and amylopectin
Note
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