B1.1 Carbohydrates

How many bonds can carbon form?

4

Why can carbon for 4 bonds?

It has 4 valence electrons

Organic compounds have a _____ bonded to a _____

carbon, hydrogen

Is carbon scarce or abundant?

abundant

Carbon forms what kind of bonds?

covalent

What do covalent bonds mean?

sharing electrons

Are carbon bonds the strongest or weakest type of bond between atoms?

strongest

What is the backbone of every single organic molecule?

carbon

Electrons can _____ in their shells but neutrons are _____ _____ _____ in their shells.

move, locked in place

Fatty acids contain unbranched chains of up to how many carbon atoms?

20

a single carbon with four single covalent bonds all to hydrogen

methane

two carbon atoms and bonds to two different other elements

ethanol

single covalent bonds and one double bond

ethanoic acid

with two rings both with carbons and nitrogens and sharing of electrons in the ring

adenine

an omega-3 fatty acid with a chain of 18 carbon atoms containing 3 double bonds

linolenic acid

one carbon with two single covalent bonds to two hydrogens and a double bond to an oxygen

carboxyl group

compounds with molecules based on carbon atoms chain

organic compounds

compounds with molecules with no carbon C-C or C-H covalent bonds

inorganic compounds

Monosaccharides are linear, but form what type of structure in water?

ring structure

Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of what they possess?

carbons

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all what?

C6H12O6

What is C5H10O4?

deoxyribose

What are the four properties of monosaccharides?

solubility, transportability, chemical stability, energy

Glucose is soluble in aqueous solutions and easily transported around because it is _____ and _____

polar, hydrophillic

Because monosaccharides have strong covalent bonds, they’re very _____

stable

The property of chemical stability in monosaccharides is very useful for what?

food storage

A condensation reaction between two monomers creates what?

disaccharide

Does the beta glucose or the alpha glucose have the OH strands going in opposite directions?

beta glucose

connection between carbon or one sugar molecule with the hydrogen or another sugar, removing water

glycosidic pond

glucose + fructose = _____

sucrose

glucose + galactose = _____

lactose

glucose + glucose = _____

maltose

Hydrogen produces what for respiration that glucose also gives a lot of?

ATP

Glucose has how many isomers?

2

polysaccharide that is unbranched, has a single carbon, has only 1-4 glycosidic bonds, has a curved helix, and is used for energy storage in plants

amylose

polysaccharide that is highly branched, has more energy, has 1-6 glycosidic bonds, has cross linking, is a straight chain, and is found in plants and fungi

amylopectin

branched polysaccharide of a glucose, has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds, has more branches, and is found in animals and fungi

glycogen

polymer that has two different chains of beta glucose, is found in cell wall of plants, and is cross-linked with hydrogen bonds

cellulose

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

monosaccharide

an alpha glucose that stores energy in plants

starch

the opposite of a condensation reaction where H2O and sucrase enter

hydrolysis reaction

What are the two main components of starch?

amylose and amylopectin