Purposive Communication LESSONS 1 AND 2

content and context

Communication is beyond simply putting words into thoughts and emotions. It is done effectively only when information is transmitted without changing both the (_____) and the (___) of the message.

Effective communication

a key interpersonal skill and by learning how you can improve your communication has many benefits

4 forms of communication

verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual communication

verbal communication

includes the use of language, sounds, and tone of voice

non-verbal communication

includes body language and facial expressions

written communication

through journals, emails, blogs, and text messages

visual communication

involves signs, symbols, pictures, graphics, and emojis

audience analysis

Knowing the audience, understanding their level and how they need to receive the information

communication barriers

aspect that needs consideration in analyzing the audience is identifying and trying to overcome possible is what?

examples of communication barriers

cultural difference, varying levels of expectations and experiences, and difference in perspectives and communication styles

Clarity

This pertains to both the message and the purpose why the message has to be sent. The message should be clear by using appropriate language and communication channels, but equally important is that the reason for sending and receiving the message must be understood by both sender and receiver.

Conciseness

The message should be as brief as may be required depending on one's purpose, especially in most modern contexts in the business and academic fields where time is of the essence. It should be devoid of trivial details that would hinder communication.

Completeness

Despite its conciseness, the message should still be complete and accurate. Whenever necessary, background information should be given to provide better context; facts and observations may also be helpful.

Organization

Effective communication is usually planned in order to ensure the systematic flow of ideas and transition from one point to another. There are instances, however, when communication is impromptu, but this should not be an excuse for an organized presentation of ideas.

Empathy

The sender of the message should be sensitive to the needs and interests of the receiver. In case of face-to-face communication, the speaker must always be conscious of the reaction of the listener and adjust his/her communication strategy accordingly.

Flexibility

Different people have different communication styles, and consequently, different expectations. Effective communicators know how to adapt to the varying needs and expectations of their audience, and modify the message or the way the message is sent to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation.

Globalization

has been regarded as the key to the worldwide integration of humanity, where there is an increased economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures

Globalization

Communication in the modern world must be anchored on the concept of?

digital technology

erased territorial boundaries among countries and among people with varying cultures

multiculturalists

those who are engaged with and respectful of people with different cultures

Prejudice

when people take their past experiences and make certain assumptions that the same experience will happen with the same people, given the same context

Past experiences

inevitably affect people's communication styles in the future. When their audience responded positively to their message, chances of them repeating the same style are relatively high

'Belly Button Psyche', or the belly button rule

believed to communicate true interest while engaging in face-to-face communication

Dr. Albert Mehrabian

professor of Psychology at UCLA who said that the belly button rule is the most important indicator of reading a person's intention

Dr. Eileen M. Russo

who developed the model that shows four different communication styles (direct, spirited, systematic and considerate), categorized further into two different dimensions (level of assertiveness and level of expressiveness)

Spirited

High Expressiveness + High Assertiveness

Considerate

High Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness

Direct

Low Expressiveness + High Assertiveness

Systematic

Low Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness

Language Varieties

Also called "lects", these refer to the different variants of a language that can be sufficiently delimited from one another in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial factors, thus forming language clusters.

Pidgin

It refers to a new language that develops into situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language.

Creole

It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children, or the mother tongue of a certain community.

Regional Dialect

It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country

Minority Dialect

this is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group.

Indigenized Varieties

These are spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with multilingual populations.

Language Registers

A language register is characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social circumstances. These are determined by such factors as social atmosphere, purpose of communication, audience, and the general context of the discourse.

what are the 5 classification

(1) formal, (2) casual, (3) intimate, (4) frozen, and (5) consultative

Formal

These registers are used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules.

Casual

These registers are used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances, colleagues, and family members.

Intimate

Intimate language registers are reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private.

Frozen

It refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged. Examples are the registers used in the Philippine Constitution and the Holy Bible.

Consultative

It is used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or is offering a

Language registers can also be classified as:

Formal, Informal, or Neutral