chapter 5 flashcards (MAIN ONES)

macromolecule

a giant molecule (molecule = multiple elements), one which contains a large number of covalently connected atoms

amino acids lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids

four types of macromolecules (A, L, C, N)

polymer

a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks LINKED BY COVALENT BONDS

monomers

polymers are made up of smaller units called __________

condensation dehydration

monomers are connected to make macromolecules through a c________ or d__________ reaction

condensation reaction

a reaction in which two molecules combine to form one molecule through the loss of a small molecule (use the one that starts with C)

hydrolysis

when polymers are broken up/digested to monomers, this process is known as

monosaccharides

GLad i have GAllons of RIpe FRUit juice helps you remember...

glucose galactose ribose fructose

name the monosaccharides in order of the saying used to remember them (glad...)

maltose

glucose + glucose =

lactose

glucose + galactose =

sucrose

glucose + fructose =

disaccharides

DIana wants to SUCk on a MALT but can't bc shes LACTOSE intolerant helps you remember the

sucrose maltose lactose

name the disaccharides in order of the saying used to remember them (diana...)

monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide

three types of carbohydrates? (m d p)

71

if you join 72 monosaccharides together to create a polysaccharide you get ho wmany water molecules?

5419

if we break apart a polymer of sugar that is 5420 molecules, how many water molecules do we need to break it apart?

polysaccharides

poly lives in a cell with her kitten, eats starch which she stores as glycogen helps you remember what

cellulose chitin glycogen starch

name the polysaccharides (ce, ch, g, s)

hydrophobic

what is the one trait that all lipids have in common? they are __________

glycogen

What is the polysaccharide used by animals to store glucose?

chitin

Which polysaccharide makes up the exoskeleton of insects?

fructose

Which monosaccharide is the sweetest?

ose

Sugars all end with what three letter ending?

carbohydrates

___________ are the main source of energy for the body

monosaccharides

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

fats phospholipids steroids

name the types of lipids (f, p, s)

no

is glycerol a lipid?

glycerol fatty acids

fats are made up of g________ and f______ a_______

ester

fats are made when 3 fatty acids bond to glycerol through a dehydration reaction and form an _______ linkage

pig

remember ester the wonder ______ because these animals have a lot of at

3

how many fatty acids in fat?

2

how many fatty acids in phospholipids?

phospholipids

what is a major component of the plasma membrane (also known as the phospholipid bilayer)

steroids

what are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings?

proteins

what is used for structural support, storage, transport of other substances, signaling, movement, defense against foreign substances, and enzyme activity

primary structure

the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide/protein

secondary structure

the three dimensional form of local segments of protein

tertiary structure

the overall three dimensional strcture resulting from folding and covalent cross linking of a protein

quaternary structure

the association of 2 or more polypeptide chains into a multisubunit or oligomeric protein

done folding

tertiary structure: still folding or done folding?

nucleic acids

what is made up of monomers called nucleotides?

adenine guanine

the purines are __________ and ___________ (AG)

cytosine uracil thymine

the pyrimidines are _________, ____________, and _________ (CUT)

1

ribose sugar contains _ (number) more oxygen atom

sugar

anything that is a hexagon or pentagon is probably a _______

fat

a long hydrocarbon chain is probably going to be a ____

amino acid

n and 2 h's is probably a(n)...

DNA RNA

what are the 2 types of nucleic acids? ___ and ___

cytosine thymine adenine guanine

nucleic acids, DNA, bases... name them (C T A G)

purine

if it's a double ring...

deoxyribose

sugar that is DNA

phosphodiester

nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds called ____________ linkages

2

how many bonds between A and T?

3

how many bonds between G and C? (rhyme)

T

in DNA, A codes for

C

in DNA, G codes for

U

in RNA, A codes for

G

in RNA, C codes for

cytosine uracil adenine guanine

nucleic acids... Rna... bases (C U A G)

ribose

sugar that is RNA

glycosidic

sugar bond

ester

fat bond

peptide

protein bond

hydrogen

what bond is in between the nitrogenous bases?