Action Potentials

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20 Terms

1
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resting membrane potential

-70mV; voltage inside an unstimulated neurons

<p>-70mV; voltage inside an unstimulated neurons</p>
2
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threshold potential

-55mV; voltage that must be reached to trigger an action potential

<p>-55mV; voltage that must be reached to trigger an action potential</p>
3
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depolarization

part of the action potential when Na+ gates open, Na+ rushes into neuron, the inside of the neuron becomes positive

<p>part of the action potential when Na+ gates open, Na+ rushes into neuron, the inside of the neuron becomes positive</p>
4
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repolarization

part of the action potential when Na+ gates close, K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of neuron, the inside returns to being negative

<p>part of the action potential when Na+ gates close, K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of neuron, the inside returns to being negative</p>
5
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hyperpolarization (undershoot)

K+ gates remain open a little longer, membrane potential reaches -90mV

<p>K+ gates remain open a little longer, membrane potential reaches -90mV</p>
6
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sodium-potassium pump

protein that uses ATP to pump 3Na+ ions out & 2 K+ in (against their concentration gradients) to restore ions to original position after action potential

<p>protein that uses ATP to pump 3Na+ ions out &amp; 2 K+ in (against their concentration gradients) to restore ions to original position after action potential</p>
7
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synapse

junction between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle cell

<p>junction between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle cell</p>
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synaptic cleft

gap between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle cell

<p>gap between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle cell</p>
9
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calcium channel

protein channels in axon terminal membrane that are triggered to open by an action potential; calcium rushes in to axon terminal triggering release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles

<p>protein channels in axon terminal membrane that are triggered to open by an action potential; calcium rushes in to axon terminal triggering release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles</p>
10
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neurotransmitter

chemicals that transfer a signal from one neuron to the next neuron or muscle cell

<p>chemicals that transfer a signal from one neuron to the next neuron or muscle cell</p>
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acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle cells to contract

<p>neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle cells to contract</p>
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acetylcholinesterase

enzyme that degrades (breaks apart) acetylcholine; can be inhibited by chemicals that mimic acetylcholine like snake venom

<p>enzyme that degrades (breaks apart) acetylcholine; can be inhibited by chemicals that mimic acetylcholine like snake venom</p>
13
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voltage gated ion channels

protein channels that open up in response to a change in voltage inside of a cell

<p>protein channels that open up in response to a change in voltage inside of a cell</p>
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ligand gated channels

protein channels that open when an ion or other chemical binds to them; neurotransmitters bind to ligand gated channels to open them

<p>protein channels that open when an ion or other chemical binds to them; neurotransmitters bind to ligand gated channels to open them</p>
15
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EPSP

a postsynaptic potential that makes it more likely that the postsynaptic neuron will reach threshold potential; created by neurotransmitters like glutamate that stimulate Na+ channels to open

<p>a postsynaptic potential that makes it more likely that the postsynaptic neuron will reach threshold potential; created by neurotransmitters like glutamate that stimulate Na+ channels to open</p>
16
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IPSP

a postsynaptic potential that makes it less likely that the postsynaptic neuron will reach threshold potential; created by neurotransmitters like GABA that stimulate Cl- channels to open

<p>a postsynaptic potential that makes it less likely that the postsynaptic neuron will reach threshold potential; created by neurotransmitters like GABA that stimulate Cl- channels to open</p>
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summation

addition of all EPSP's and IPSP's received by a postsynaptic neuron; when added together, if raise membrane potential to threshold, it will send an action potential

<p>addition of all EPSP's and IPSP's received by a postsynaptic neuron; when added together, if raise membrane potential to threshold, it will send an action potential</p>
18
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action potential

the electrical impulse that travels down a neuron; membrane potential rises and falls in a predictable, consistent pattern

<p>the electrical impulse that travels down a neuron; membrane potential rises and falls in a predictable, consistent pattern</p>
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saltatory conduction

action potential jumps from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier; occurs in myelinated neurons; increases speed of transmission of impulse tremendously

<p>action potential jumps from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier; occurs in myelinated neurons; increases speed of transmission of impulse tremendously</p>
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continuous conduction

action potential moves straight down an unmyelinated axon without jumping; much slower than saltatory conduction

<p>action potential moves straight down an unmyelinated axon without jumping; much slower than saltatory conduction</p>