Judicial Independence and Judicial Neutrality

Flashcards covering key concepts related to judicial independence and neutrality.

Common law

The body of legal precedent resulting from the rulings of senior judges; also known as case law or judge-made law.

Judicial review

The process by which judges review the actions of public officials or public bodies to determine if they acted lawfully.

Ultra vires

A Latin term meaning 'beyond the authority' or 'beyond one's powers', referring to the legality of a minister's actions.

Judicial independence

The principle that judges should be free from political control and external pressures, allowing them to uphold the rule of law.

Judicial neutrality

The principle that judges must make decisions impartially, not allowing personal biases to affect their judgements.

The Constitutional Reform Act of 2005

An act that established a strict separation of powers between the judiciary and other branches of government in the UK.

Judges' appointment system

The process whereby judges are selected based on merit and expertise rather than political or personal connections.

Security of tenure

The protection judges have against dismissal except for misconduct, allowing them to make impartial decisions.

Sub judice

A legal principle that prohibits public discussion of ongoing judicial proceedings to prevent undue pressure on judges.

Judicial Accountability

The requirement for judges to explain their decisions to the public, which helps maintain transparency and accountability.