Biology exam 3 lock in

Chlorophytes,charophytes and plants share?

multicellular, cell walls with cellulose, chromoplasts with same pigments.

Haplontic

life cycle with a dominant haploid phase

Diplontic

life cycle with a dominant diploid phase

gametophyte

haploid

sporophyte

diploid

sporopollenin

made with multicellular sporangium

Multicellular gametangia

structures that produce gametes in plants, occurring in both male and female forms.

archegonium

the female reproductive structure in ferns and gymnosperms that produces eggs. and protects them a

apical meristems

found at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for plant growth in length. continuously divides cells.

waxy cuticule

waxy coat stops desiccation, pores needed to allow CO2/ O2.

Secondary metabolites

chemicals that deter, repel or poison competitors, herbivores and parasites.

Mycorrhizae

mutualism with fungi helps water and mineral absorption

Bryophytes

non-vascular plants that require moist environments for reproduction and water absorption, including mosses and liverworts. X

Xylem

cells specialized to move water ad minerals.

phloem

cells responsible for transporting sugars and nutrients.

microphylls

small leaves typically found in lycophytes, characterized by a single vascular strand.

megaphyll

larger leaves found in most vascular plants, featuring multiple vascular strands.

sporophylls

leaf structures that bear sporangia and are involved in reproduction.

homosporous spore production.

The production of a single type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte, common in some plants like ferns and lycophytes.

heterosporous spore production

The production of two distinct types of spores, male microspores and female megaspores, leading to the formation of unisexual gametophytes, found in certain plant groups such as seed plants.

female gametophyte

developed within an ovule

male gametophyte

developed from microspores within pollen grains.

mega spores

The larger type of spore produced by heterosporous plants, which develops into female gametophytes.

microspores

The smaller type of spore produced by heterosporous plants, which develops into male gametophytes.

unfertilized ovule

a structure in seed plants that contains the female gametophyte and is not yet fertilized by pollen.

fertilized ovule

a structure in seed plants that results from the fertilization of an ovule, containing the developing embryo and the surrounding tissues.

gymnosperms seed

that develops from fertilized ovules and is exposed to the environment.

coniferophyta

a division of gymnosperms that includes cone-bearing plants such as pines and firs, characterized by needle-like leaves and the production of seeds in cones.

cycadophyta

a division of gymnosperms that includes cycads, characterized by their large, compound leaves and seeds that develop in cones.

ginkgophyta

a division of gymnosperms represented by a single extant species, Ginkgo biloba, known for its fan-shaped leaves and tolerance to urban pollution.

gnetophyta

a division of gymnosperms that includes plants such as Welwitschia and Ephedra, characterized by their diverse forms and unique reproductive features, including some flowering traits.

angiosperm

a division of plants that produce flowers and seeds enclosed within a fruit, representing the largest group of land plants.

monoecious

referring to a plant species that has both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual, allowing for self-fertilization.