bio Chapter 10 Test Review meiosis

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Meiosis, comparing meiotic processes, and understanding terminology relevant for the Chapter 9 Test.

What are homologous chromosomes?

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content but may carry different alleles.

What is the difference between haploid and diploid?

Haploid cells have one complete set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two complete sets (2n).

How can you find the diploid number given the haploid number?

Multiply the haploid number by 2.

What are the phases of Meiosis?

The phases of meiosis include Meiosis I (Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I) and Meiosis II (Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II).

What is a significant event that occurs during Meiosis I?

Crossing over occurs, allowing for genetic variation.

How do meiosis I and meiosis II compare?

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

To produce gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction.

What is the end result of meiosis?

Four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

Why is the number of chromosomes important?

It ensures proper genetic information is passed on for normal development and function of organisms.

How are mitosis and meiosis similar and different?

Both are processes of cell division; meiosis results in genetic diversity and haploid cells, while mitosis produces identical diploid cells.

What is a karyotype?

A visual representation of an individual's complete set of chromosomes, used to assess genetic disorders.

What are autosomes?

Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual; humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.

What are sex chromosomes?

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; in humans, these are X and Y chromosomes.

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

Somatic cells are all body cells that are diploid, while gametes are reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that are haploid.

How is gender depicted using chromosomes and letters?

Gender is determined by the combination of sex chromosomes; XX typically indicates female and XY indicates male.