A/P Test 11(?) Pt. 1: Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for ________ and ________

1) Filtering incoming air

2) Transporting air to the lungs

What two parts divide up the Respiratory System, and what are they comprised of?

1) Upper Respiratory Tract - Head and Neck

2) Lower Respiratory Tract - Below Neck

The receiving chamber for inhaled air

Nose

Term for the two opening in the nose that are separated by the Nasal Septum

External Nares

Term for the smaller chambers into which the nares open

Vestibules

What are the Vestibules in the nose responsible for?

Filtering particles

The three bony projections within the Nasal Cavity that increase its surface area

Nasal Concha

List the three responsibilities of the blood vessels within the nose's mucus membrane

1) Moistening the air

2) Trapping particles

3) Warming the air

In the nose, mucus is carried to the _____, where it is then swallowed

Pharynx

Part of the nose that is connected to the Nasal Cavity and is easily infected

Paranasal Sinuses

Term for the ailment in which mucus becomes trapped in the sinuses, causing infection/inflammation

Sinusitis

Also known as the throat

Pharynx

The walls of the pharynx are made of _________

Skeletal MT lines with a mucus membrane

The walls of the pharynx are divided into what three regions?

1) Nasopharynx

2) Oropharynx

3) Laryngopharynx

The wall of the pharynx found closest to the nasal cavity

Nasopharynx

The wall of the pharynx located in the middle

Oropharynx

The wall of the pharynx found closest to the larynx

Laryngopharynx

What two layers of the pharynx's walls are shared with the digestive system?

1) Oropharynx

2) Laryngopharynx

The barrier between the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx

Uvula

Also known as the voice box

Larynx

Where is the larynx located?

Between the pharynx and the trachea

One of the main purposes of the larynx is to ______

Prevent solid material from entering the trachea

What kind of tissue(s) make up the larynx?

Cartilage lined with epithelial tissue containing a mucus membrane

What are the three main parts of the larynx?

1) Thyroid Cartilage

2) Cricoid Cartilage

3) Epiglottis

In the larynx, the part that is also referred to as the adam's apple

Thyroid cartilage

In the larynx, the part that is located below the thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

In the larynx, the tongue-shaped piece of cartilage

Epiglottis

What is the purpose of the larynx's epiglottis?

To prevent food from entering the trachea

The term for the opening in the epiglottis

The glottis

In the larynx, the part that covers/hangs over it

Epiglottis

In the larynx, the membrane that covers the epiglottis

Hyothyroid Membrane

Why does food have to be chewed and swallowed manually?

No cilia is present in the throat

Also known as the windpipe

Trachea

What are the dimensions of the trachea?

~1 1/2 inch long, 1 inch wide

Where is the trachea located?

In front of the esophagus

What is the trachea made up of?

Rings of cartilage with tracheal membranes between the rings

Term for the membranes found between the rings of the trachea

Tracheal Membranes

The ciliated mucus membrane that lines the trachea

Mucociliary Transport System

One of the main jobs of the trachea is to _______

Move debris

Term for the substance produced by the trachea

Sputum

List the bronchiole "tree" in order

1) Bronchi

2) Bronchioles

3) Alveoli

Part of the bronchiole tree that is surrounded by capillaries

Alveoli

Where in the bronchiole tree does the oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occur?

In the alveoli

Describe the process of the Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Exchange

1) Venules bring CD to the capillaries

2) CD is breathed out

3) Arterioles take oxygen from the capillaries to the rest of the body

About how many alveoli does the average person have?

~300-500 million

What are the 5 main components of the lungs?

1) Bronchi

2) Bronchioles

3) Alveoli

4) Capillaries

5) Supportive Tissue

What are the two serous membranes within the lungs?

1) Parietal Pleura

2) Visceral Pleura

In the lungs, the outer membrane

Parietal Pleura

In the lungs, the membrane that makes contact with the lungs

Visceral Pleura

In the lungs, the cavity located between the two serous membranes

Pleural cavity

What are the two main steps to Inhalation and Exhalation?

1) Inspiration

2) Expiration

Describe the process of Inspiration

1) Air is inhaled, causing the diaphragm to contract and move down

2) Space within the Thoracic Cavity is increased

3) Muscles between the ribs contract, expanding the rib cage

4) Air is pulled in due to pressure difference

Describe the process of Expiration

1) Air is exhaled, causing the diaphragm to relax and move up

2) Space within the Thoracic Cavity is decreased

3) Muscles between the ribs relax, contracting the rib cage

4) Air moves out due to pressure difference

A temporary state of no breathing

Apnea

Term for when the body has an excess of carbon dioxide and not enough oxygen

Asphyxia

Term meaning "fluid buildup"

Edem(i)a

Pulmonary edema in the respiratory tract resulting is muscle spasms within the bronchi's smooth muscles

Asthma

The most fatal cancer type in the US

Lung Cancer

An infection of the alveoli

Pneumonia

What are some possible causes of pneumonia?

1) Bacteria

2) Viruses

3) Fungi

A blood clot in one or more of the lungs' major blood vessels

Pulmonary Embolism

Inflammation of the lungs' lining

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the nasal cavity

Rhinitis

An incision in the trachea for the purpose of clearing it

Tracheotomy