SPORTS MEDICINE YEAR 1 MIDTERMS

Combined from all flashcards

Digestive System

Extracting nutrients from foods for later use.

Salivary Amylase

Salava enzyme that kickstarts chemical digestion

Small Intestine

What is the main place where nutrients are absorbed?

Villi

What helps to increase surface area to further assist aborption in the digestive tract?

Bile

A product made by the kidneys that is stored in the kidneys to help digest lipids.

Large Intestine

What helps to finalize bile into feeces and to absorb water?

Lactose Intolerance

Someone that lacks the enzyme Lactose, therefore can’t digest it properly

Constipation

Infrequent pooping cycles due to lack of fiber and/or water.

Peptic Ulcer

An open sore commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori

Gastrophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD)

When the stomach acid reaches the esophagus

Urinary System

What system helps to maintain homeostasis by flltering blood?

Kidneys

What helps to filter blood and create bile?

Nephrons

Ureters

The two tubes from the kidne that brings urine into the bladder?

Bladder

The muscle that holds blood until it’s ready.

Nephrons

What helps to filter blood in the kidneys?

Urea and Creatine

Waste products from protein metabolism

Micturition

Medical Term for urination

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Constant need to urinate or burning during urination due to e.coli infecting the system.

Lithotripsy

The process to break up kidney stones via a medical procedure

Kidney Stones

Waste products that is hard minerals and salts.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Loss of kidney use usually by diabetes or hypertesion.

Dialysis

Artificial filteration of the blood.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Contains adipose tissue

Red Bone Marrow

Where blood production takes place, Hematopoiesis.

Long Bones

A cylinder, longer bone than it is wide. Examples includes humerus.

Short Bones

Blob shaped bones, in the carpals and tarsals

Irregular Bones

More complex chapes than other bone types. Includes the vertebrae,

Sesamoid Bones

Small bones that protects tendons from external stress like the patella.

Flat Bones

Thin bomems that are often curved, mainly for protection like the ribs.

Compound Fracture

It’s an open, seethrough break from the exterior.

Transverse Fracture

A straight break in the bone

Spiral Fracture

Bone is spart because of a twisting motion.

Comminuted Fracture

A large break leads into small parts of bone coming off.

Impacted Fracture

When a bone is driven into the other, leading to breaking.

Greenstick Fracture

A small part of the bone is broken.

Edema

Swelling

Oblique Fracture

Diagonal break

Avulsion Fracture

When a muscle pull leads to a fracture in the bone

Blowout Fracture

Break in the eye socket.

Longitudinal Fracture

An entire bone split.

Osteoclast

The ones that destory bone cells.

Osteoblasts

The cells that repairs bones.

Inflamation

Edma, swelling in the injured site. Ends 2-3 weeks after injury.

Soft Callus

The start of physical regrowth. Continues for four weeks after stage 1.

Hard Callus

A bridge has been made in the injured site. Usually around four weeks after the last cycle.

Remodeling

Building up the final bone. Starts around four to eight weeks after the last cycle, but is continious over many of years.

Diaphysis

The “shaft” of a long bone

Epiphysis

The ends of a long bone,

Periosteum

The outer layer of all bones

Compact Bone

A second to inner layer of bone.

Medullary Cavity

The cavity where Yellow Bone Marrow is in.

Epiphyseal Plate

The growth plate.

Eccymosis

Discoloration

Creppitation

Crunching

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin.

Dermis

The second layer of the skin

Hypodermis

The third layer of the skin thats with the addipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue

The fatty layer of the skin under the hypodermis

Edma

Water Oversaturation

Abrasion

A scratch that only effects the epidermis

Laceration

A cut that effects the epi and dermis layers.

Puncture

Penetration of sharp objects

Incisions

Clean, straight cut like a knife

Avulsions

A whole part of skin removed.

Calluses

Thickened part of epidermis due to friction

Epithelial Tissue

The inegumentary System’s main tissue name

Connective Tissue

The tissue of joints, adipose tissue, etc.

Nervous Tissue

Responsible for eletric transportation

Muscle Tissue

Responsible for general movement of various stuff of the body

Smooth Muscle tissue

Involuntary muscles, including intestines.

Skeletal Muscle tissue

Voluntary muscles

Cardiac Muscle tissue

The heart muscles.

Vasoconstriction

Making a blood vestle smaller.

Alveoli

The place of gas exchange, filled with capillaries

Bronchi

Tubes that transport the air inside the lungs

Bronchioles

smaller tubes for air in the lungs

Expiration

Exhailing

Cilia

The little hairs that helps with filteration

Epiglottis

Seperator from the Esophagus and Trachea

External Respiration

Gas exchange INSIDE the aveoli.

Inspiration

Breathing in

Larynx

Voicebox

Lungs

Contains the Aveoli, goes down and out when inhailing.

Nasal Cavities

An opening for passage of air

Nasal Septum

Seperates the nasal cavities

Nose

Helps with the intake of air

Pharynx

The OVERALL Cavity behind the nose that leads to the esophagus or trachea.

Pleura

The membranes that cover the lungs

Respiration

The overall profess of oxygen intake and the relase of carbon dioxide.

Respiratory System

The system responsible for cellular respiration (the exchange of CO₂ with O²)

Sinues

Air cavities that traps debirs or produces mucus

Trachea

Pathway between air and the lungs

Ventilation

Movement in and out of the lungs thats artifical

Nasopharynx

A cavity that contains tonsels to trap pathogens (extra credit)

Oropharynx

A cavity thats a general pathway for both food and air. (extra credit)

Laryngopharynx

The cavirty of the pharynx that contians the esphogagus

Internal Respiration

Gas exchange in the rest of the body.

thoratic cavity

The cavity where the lungs isg

carotid

The arteries near the neck