Health and human development SAC 1A

What is the old definition of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

What is the new definition of health and wellbeing?

It relates to the state of a person's physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual existence characterized by an equilibrium where the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

What are the dimensions of health and wellbeing?

Physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health and wellbeing.

What does physical health and wellbeing relate to?

The efficient functioning of the body and its systems, including the physical capacity to perform daily activities.

Give examples of physical health and wellbeing.

Well-functioning organs, healthy body weight, nutrient-dense diet, regular physical activity, optimal energy levels, absence of disease, and appropriate fitness levels.

What is mental health and wellbeing?

The state of the mind or brain and the ability to think and process information.

List examples of mental health and wellbeing.

Low levels of stress and anxiety, positive thought patterns, positive self-esteem, high confidence levels, and logical reasoning.

What is social health and wellbeing?

The ability to form meaningful relationships and manage different social situations.

Provide examples of social health and wellbeing.

Supportive friends, productive relationships, supportive family, effective communication, and adaptability in social situations.

Define emotional health and wellbeing.

The ability to express emotions positively and display resilience.

What are examples of emotional health and wellbeing?

Recognizing emotions, managing emotions, high resilience, and experiencing appropriate emotions in various scenarios.

What is the difference between emotional and mental health?

Emotional health involves short-term reactions and how we respond to situations, while mental health relates to long-term mood and thought patterns.

What does spiritual health and wellbeing encompass?

Ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics that provide a sense of meaning, purpose, and connection to the world.

List examples of spiritual health and wellbeing.

Sense of belonging, positive meaning in life, peace, hope, and acting in accordance with personal values.

How do the dimensions of health and wellbeing influence each other?

The five dimensions are interconnected and can impact one another.

What is the significance of resilience in emotional health?

Resilience allows individuals to effectively manage and respond to their emotions in a positive way.

What role does a supportive network play in social health?

It fosters productive relationships and helps individuals adapt to social situations.

What factors contribute to good physical health?

Regular exercise, balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and absence of illness.

How can mental health be demonstrated in a student's response to disappointment?

By using logic to understand alternative pathways while expressing feelings appropriately.

What is the role of personal values in spiritual health?

They guide individuals in finding meaning and purpose in life.

What are protective factors for physical health?

Optimal blood pressure, appropriate fitness levels, and absence of disease.

How can emotional health be assessed?

By evaluating how individuals recognize and manage their emotions in various situations.

What does effective communication contribute to social health?

It enhances relationships and helps in managing social interactions.

What is the importance of a balanced state in health and wellbeing?

It indicates overall health, where an individual feels fulfilled and capable.

What does it mean that health and wellbeing is dynamic?

Health and wellbeing is continually changing and can fluctuate between good and poor states due to various factors.

Give an example of how health and wellbeing can change.

A person may experience good health but can become unwell due to stress or illness, and later return to good health with treatment.

What are the five dimensions of health?

Physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.

How can conflicts in a family affect health and wellbeing?

Conflicts can lead to separation, reducing the functioning of the family and impacting social health.

What is an example of stress affecting a student's health?

A student may start the year with low stress but experience increased stress levels during exams.

How can employment impact a person's sense of purpose?

Someone who is unemployed may feel a lack of purpose, but finding a job can restore their sense of meaning.

What does it mean that health and wellbeing is subjective?

Health and wellbeing are viewed differently by individuals based on personal beliefs, feelings, and opinions.

List factors that influence perceptions of health and wellbeing.

Age, culture, social networks, income, occupation, and education.

How might one person's view of social health differ from another's?

One person may see having one close friend as optimal social health, while another may feel lonely with the same situation.

What is the difference between disease and illness?

Disease refers to a physical or mental disturbance with symptoms, while illness is the subjective experience of that disease.

How can past experiences affect the perception of illness?

A person with previous experience of a disease may manage their symptoms better than someone without that experience.

What factors can affect the level of illness experienced?

The number and severity of the disease, age, pain threshold, and past experiences with disease.

What are common symptoms of the flu?

Fever, chills, body aches, cough, fatigue, runny or blocked nose, and sore throat.

How can a sprained ankle be experienced differently by individuals?

An individual with prior experience may manage pain better than someone who has never sprained an ankle.

What is an example of how medication can impact daily tasks?

Taking medication for a migraine can relieve symptoms, allowing a person to complete daily tasks.

What is the role of emotional management in health?

Learning strategies to manage emotions can improve a teenager's ability to express themselves appropriately.

How does age influence perceptions of physical health?

An elderly person may view optimal physical health as the ability to perform daily tasks, while a young adult may focus on fitness levels.

What is the significance of the dynamic nature of health and wellbeing?

It highlights that health is not static and can be influenced by various life events and personal circumstances.

What is the purpose of completing scaffolding tables in health education?

To apply understanding of the dynamic and subjective nature of health and wellbeing through practical examples.

What is health status?

An individual's or population's overall level of health, considering aspects like life expectancy, disability, and disease risk factors.

What are health indicators?

Standard statistics used to measure and compare health status, such as life expectancy, mortality, and morbidity rates.

Why measure health status?

To identify diseases affecting the population, assess overall health, recognize trends, inform healthcare budgeting, and guide health promotion efforts.

How is health status measured?

By health indicators, which are statistics that assess various aspects of health, including life expectancy, mortality rates, and morbidity rates.

What is self-assessed health status?

An individual's perception of their health and wellbeing, typically ranked from excellent to poor.

What is life expectancy?

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, based on current death rates.

What are the limitations of life expectancy as a health indicator?

It does not provide information about the quality of life or the leading causes of death or ill health.

What does mortality refer to?

The number of deaths in a population during a specific period.

What is the maternal mortality rate?

The rate of deaths of mothers due to pregnancy or childbirth-related causes within six weeks of delivery.

What is morbidity?

Ill health in an individual or the levels of ill health in a population.

What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?

Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease at a given time, while incidence is the number of new cases during a specified period.

What is the burden of disease?

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, reflecting the gap between current health status and an ideal situation of health.

What is a disability-adjusted life year (DALY)?

A unit measuring the burden of disease, equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness or premature death.

What are years of life lost (YLL)?

The fatal component of DALY, representing years lost due to premature death.

What are years lost due to disability (YLD)?

The non-fatal component of DALY, measuring the impact of living with a disease or disability.

What does psychological distress refer to?

Unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual's level of functioning and mental health.

Why is it important to identify leading causes of death?

To ensure fair comparisons between different groups and to understand trends in health outcomes.

What factors contribute to the increase in incidence and prevalence of certain diseases?

Changes in lifestyle, environmental factors, and improved detection and reporting of diseases.

How does a lack of access to healthcare impact health status?

It can lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates, as individuals may not receive necessary medical care.

What is the significance of infant and under-five mortality rates?

They are key indicators of a population's health and wellbeing, reflecting social and economic resources.

What is the relationship between morbidity rates and mortality rates?

While morbidity rates for many conditions may increase, mortality rates can decrease due to advancements in healthcare.

What is the role of healthcare budgeting in measuring health status?

It helps allocate resources effectively to address the most significant health issues in the community.

How can health promotion efforts be guided by health status measurements?

By identifying areas of need and targeting interventions to improve health outcomes.

What are some common health indicators used in public health?

Life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates, and self-assessed health status.

Why is self-assessed health status considered subjective?

It relies on individual perceptions, which can vary widely based on personal experiences and expectations.

How can psychological distress be measured?

Through surveys and assessments that evaluate emotional well-being and functioning.