Nutrition Rutgers Test

Which of the following is NOT a source of dietary fiber?

fish

milk

fruits

legumes

Fish

Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

Glucose

Maltose

Sucrose

Fructose

Glucose

What is the principal carbohydrate of milk?

Lactose

Sucrose

Maltose

Glycogen

Lactose

Common table sugar is typically extracted from sugar cane and ___________________.

Sugar beets

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the body?

Glucose

What plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?

Bacteria

What is NOT a property of fiber?

It elevates blood glucose levels

The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed

Gluconeogenesis

Your friend Bob who engages in endurance exercise throughout the week is concerned that his protein intake is inadequate and asks what type of protein supplement he should take. You assure him that

He most likely already gets more protein from his regular diet than he needs, even for endurance activity

Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and stated that she felt a lot better. Her experience is best described as a(n)

Anecdote

What is a major weakness of a laboratory based study?

The results cannot be applied to human beings

What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment?

The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested

You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have done differently?

Prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects

What is not a typical part of a research article?

Speculation

A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on

Emotional comfort

What is a food that is not an example of a functional food?

Regular white bread

By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in the highest amounts in most foods?

Water

What is the minimum amount of water (mL) that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away the body's waste products?

500

Which of the following is not classified as a macro nutrient?

Calcium A

carbohydrates

protein

fat

Which of the following is classified as micro-nutrient?

iron A

protein

alcohol

carbohydrate

An essential nutrient is one that cannot be

Made by the body in sufficient quantities

Which of the following blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?

110 over 50

120 over 70

130 over 80

140 over 90

Which of the following dietary components is thought to be protective against certain types of cancer?

Fiber A

Inositol and biotin

Certain saturated fats

Protein from animal sources

How does obesity increase the risk for developing hypertension?

Obesity is associated with altered kidney function and fluid retention leading to higher blood pressure

Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all the of the following diseases except

-kwashiorkor

-cancer

-hypertension

-diabetes

Kwashiorkor

Which of the following leading causes of death in the United States does not

bear a relationship to diet?

-Diabetes mellitus

-Cancer

-Heart disease

-Pneumonia and influenza

Pneumonia and influenza

The DASH diet is actually the acronym for?

-Diabetes And Sodium Hyperglycemia.

-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

-Disorders-Associated Severe Hyperlipidemia

-Dramatic Alternatives to Solving HIV.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

People who use diuretics are most at risk of developing imbalances of

Potassium

Conventional medicine and alternative medical therapies are commonly linked together into a practice called

Complementary medicine

Beriberi results from a deficiency of

A. niacin.

B. thiamin.

C. vitamin C.

D. vitamin B12.

Thiamin

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

A. Blood clotting

B. Energy metabolism

C. Calcium utilization

D. Epithelial tissue renewal

Blood clotting

The best dietary advice for a person with osteoarthritis might be to:

Lose weight, if overweight

On average, adult energy needs decline______ per decade

5%

Eating a contaminated food such as under cooked poultry or unpasteurized milk might cause a:

A. food allergy

B. food infection

C. food intoxication

D. botulinum reaction

Food infection

The temperature danger zone for foods ranges from:

a. -20 F to 120 F

b. 0 F to 100 F

c. 20 F to 120 F

d. 40 F to 140 F

40 F to 140 F

Examples of foods that frequently cause food borne illnesses are:

A. canned food

B. steamed-hot foods

C. fresh fruits and vegetables

D. raw milk, seafood, meat, and eggs

D. Raw milk, seafood, meat, and eggs

Irradiation can help improve our food supply by:

A. cooking foods quickly

B. killing microorganisms

C. minimizing the use of preservatives

D. improving the nutrient content of foods

B. Killing microorganisms

Solanine is an example of a(n):

A. heavy metal

B. artificial color

C. natural toxicant

D. animal hormone

C. Natural toxicant

The standard that deems additives safe if lifetime use presents no more than a one-in-a-million risk of cancer is known as the:

Negligible-risk policy

Common antimicrobial additives include:

A. salt and nitrites

B. carrageenan and MSG

C. dioxins and sulfates

D. vitamin C and vitamin E

A. Salt and nitrites

Common antioxidants include:

A. BHA and BHT

B. tartrazine and MSG

C. sugar and vitamin E

D. nitrosamines and salt

A. BHA and BHT

Incidental additives that may enter foods during processing include:

A. dioxins and BGH

B. dioxins and folate

C. beta-carotene and agar

D. nitrites and irradiation

A. Dioxins and BGH

Chlorine is added to water to:

A. protect against dental caries

B. destroy harmful minerals such as lead and mercury

C. kill pathogenic microorganisms

D. remove the sulfur that produces a "rotten egg" odor.

C. Kill pathogenic microorganisms

Food insecurity refers to the:

Limited availability of food

The most common cause of hunger in the United States is:

Poverty

SNAP debit cards cannot be used to purchase:

Laundry detergent

Which action is not typical of a food recovery program:

gathering potatoes from a harvested field

collecting overripe tomatoes from a wholesaler

offering SNAP debit cards to low income people

delivering restaurant leftovers to a community shelter

Delivering restaurant leftovers to a community shelter

To help teenagers consume a balanced diet, parents can:

Keep the cabinets and refrigerator well stocked.

During adolescence, energy and nutrient needs:

Reach a peak

The nutrients most likely to fall short in the adolescent diets are:

Iron and calcium

Life expectancy in the united states is about:

a. 48 to 60 years

b. 58 to 70 years

c. 68 to 80 years

d. 78 to 90 years

C. 68 to 80 years

A 72 year old person whose physical health is similar to that of people 10 years younger has a(n):

Physiological age of 62

Which characteristic is not commonly associates with atrophic gastritis?

A. inflamed stomach

B. vitamin B12 toxicity

C. bacterial overgrowth

D. lack of intrinsic factor

B. Vitamin B12 toxicity

On average, adult energy needs:

Decline 5% per decade

Which nutrients seem to protect against cataract development?

Antioxidants

In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as:

Heat

The OAA Nutrition Program is available to:

All people 60 years and older

Rats live longest when given diets that:

Restrict their energy intakes

What is the major energy carrier molecule most cells?

ATP

When people eat the foods typical of their families or geographic region, their choices are influenced by:

Heritage or tradition

The nutrient found most abundantly in both the human body and most foods is:

Water

The inorganic nutrients are:

Minerals and water

Studies of populations that reveal correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence are:

Epidemiological studies

An experiment in which neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is receiving the treatment is known as:

Double blind

Food labels list ingredients in:

Descending order of predominance by weight

The semi liquid, partially digested food that travels through the intestinal tract is called:

Chyme

The main function of bile is to:

Emulsify fats

Absorption occurs primarily in the:

Small intestine

Gastrin, secretin,and cholecystokinin are examples of:

Hormones

The storage form of glucose in the body is:

Glycogen

Carbohydrates are found in virtually all foods except:

Meats

What percentage of the daily energy intake should come from carbohydrates?

45-65

The lipoprotein most associated with a high risk of heart disease is:

LDL

Hydrolysis is an example of a(n):

Catabolic reaction

During metabolism, released energy is captured and transferred by:

Adenosine triphophate

The vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is:

Folate/ folic acid

Vitamin A- deficiency symptoms include:

Night blindness and keratomalacia

Physical inactivity is linked to all of the following diseases except:

cancer

diabetes

emphysema

hypertension

Emphysema

What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit and vegetable groups?

a. Vitamins D and E

b. Vitamins A and C

c. Protein and calcium

d. B vitamins and iron

B. Vitamins A and C

Which of the following is a healthy choice for protein in the USDA Food Patterns?

Nuts

Bacon

Baked potatoes

Sweet potatoes

Nuts

Which of the following is a major criticism of the use of the MyPlate educational tool?

it allows for over sized portions

the dairy group excluded ice cream

the five groups are not clearly identified

it treats all foods within a single group the same

It treats all foods within a single group the same

Which of the following breads has the highest fiber content?

white

refined

enriched

whole grain

Whole grain

Approximately what minimum percentage of all grains consumed by a person should be whole grains?

50%

Textured vegetable protein is usually made from:

soybeans

A food scientist is developing a new and improved cereal bar. She consults with you to ask in what order the ingredients should be listed on the food label. The ingredients are: Sugar: 30 g, Puffed wheat: 28 g, Dry milk powder: 5 g, Red food coloring: 35 mg, Salt: 2 g. What is the appropriate order in which to list these ingredients on the food label?

Sugar, puffed wheat, dry milk powder, salt, red food coloring

By law, a serving size on beverage food label is

8 fl. oz.

Which of the following ingredients on a food label is most likely a source of trans fat?

Butter

Coconut oil

High-fructose corn syrup

Partially hydrogenated oils

Partially hydrogenated oils

If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?

A few hours

Which of the following values falls within the normal range (mg/dL) of blood glucose?

40

55

75

140

75

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

Glucagon

A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready to eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is?

High

When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?

Epinephrine

In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels?

Liver

Your cousin Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has told you that his body doesn't make insulin. He confides in you that he craves candy but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar-free snacks. From which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer?

Type 1 Diabetes

Food manufacturers prefer to use high-fructose corn syrup instead of sugar because sugar

Is more expensive

Which of the following nutrient is most associated with increased production of intestinal gas?

Carbs

iron

fats

proteins

Carbs

Your uncle Nico has just come back from the doctor, where he was subjected to a blood lipid analysis. The doctor recommended he make dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with the diagnosis?

Low HDL and high LDL

Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins?

20

What is NOT a feature of artificial sweeteners

They do not provide about 1/2 the energy of carbohydrates plus small amounts of vitamins and minerals

What is a feature of an essential amino acid?

It must be supplied by diet