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What is kinematics?
spatial and temporal components of motion
What is a reference system used for?
to express the position of an object
What is an absolute reference system?
where position and angle are expressed with respect to a fixed point or line
What is a relative reference system?
where movement of a segment is described relative to an adjacent segment that is moveable
What is an example of an absolute reference system?
the knee relative to the ground
What is an example of a relative reference system?
the knee relative to the thigh
What does displacement concern?
magnitude and direction
How is displacement different from distance?
displacement is a straight line from start to end
What is speed?
rate of change relative to a position
What is linear velocity?
the change in displacement over the change in time
How many steps are in a stride?
2
What is the stride rate?
the number of strides per second
How can gait speed be increased?
by increasing either stride length or stride rate
What variable primarily increases when going from jogging to medium speeds?
stride length
What variable primarily increases when going from medium speeds to sprinting?
stride rate
What is the gradient or slope?
change in position over change in time
What is the temporal midpoint?
the average of a single velocity point
What is the first central difference method?
a method to find the temporal midpoint; involves using the point before and after our desired point to determine the velocity
What is the benefit of the first central difference method?
gives a better estimate of instantaneous velocity when time difference is small
What is linear acceleration?
the rate of change in linear velocity
What is acceleration when velocity is constant?
0
When a velocity curve is increasing, acceleration is increasing or decreasing?
increasing
When direction is moving to the right, acceleration is positive or negative?
positive
When velocity is increasing to the left, acceleration is positive or negative?
negative
When velocity is decreasing to the right, acceleration is positive or negative?
negative
What is the Riemann Sum?
approximating the area under a curve using rectangles
What are the two parts that make up a stride?
stance phase and swing phase
When is stance phase?
when the foot is in contact with the ground
What is swing phase?
when the foot has gone through “toe off” and is moving to the next step
What type of movement has no double stance?
running
About how much stance phase occurs during jogging?
50%
About how much stance phase occurs during fast running?
30%
About how much stance phase occurs during sprinting?
20%
