hist.

Jeffersonian Restraint

Jeffersonian Restraint

Jefferson's approach to governance that emphasized limited government intervention, including the repeal of the excise tax to support farmers.

Albert Gallatin

Jefferson's Treasury Secretary who believed national debt was harmful and successfully reduced it through strict economic measures.

Hamiltonian Framework

The existing financial and governmental structure established by Alexander Hamilton that Jefferson largely maintained during his presidency.

Federalism Support

Jefferson's establishment of a larger bank to enhance protective tariffs, demonstrating his commitment to federalism despite his party's opposition.

Two-Party System

Jefferson's presidency contributed to the development of a two-party political system in America, balancing the interests of different political factions.

Judiciary Act of 1801

A controversial law passed by the Federalist Congress that created new federal judgeships, leading to resentment and its eventual repeal by the Republican Congress.

Midnight Judges

Federal judges appointed by President Adams in the final hours of his presidency, including John Marshall, who later shaped the power of the federal government.

Judicial Review

The principle established by John Marshall that the Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of laws.

Samuel Chase

A Supreme Court Justice who faced impeachment by Republicans but was ultimately acquitted, highlighting tensions between parties.

Reluctant Warrior

Jefferson's limited military approach, preferring diplomacy over military action, even in the face of piracy from North African states.

Louisiana Godsend

The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France, which was crucial for American farmers' access to the Mississippi River.

Napoleon's Change of Plans

Napoleon's decision to abandon his ambitions in the New World due to failures in Santo Domingo and losses from yellow fever.

Precarious Neutrality

Jefferson's struggle to maintain American neutrality amidst rising tensions between Britain and France, leading to conflicts and trade restrictions.

Chesapeake Incident

A naval confrontation where British forces attacked American sailors, escalating calls for war among Americans.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law prohibiting all exports from the U.S. as a form of peaceful coercion, which ultimately harmed the American economy.

Non-Intercourse Act

A replacement for the Embargo Act that reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France, reflecting the need for economic recovery.

Macon's Bill Number 2

Legislation aimed at restoring trade relations by allowing the U.S. to ally with one of the warring nations, reflecting the complexities of foreign policy.

Madison's Presidency

James Madison's leadership following Jefferson, marked by internal party divisions and challenges in foreign relations.