AP HUGE CED vocab

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269 Terms

1

Fair Trade

Encourages fair wages for workers in less developed countries

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2
Development
Transition to industry-based economy with improved living standards
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3
Industrialization
Economic shift from agriculture to manufacturing
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4
Standard of Living
Wealth level available to individuals or communities
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5
Break-of-Bulk Point
Location where cargo is redistributed to other forms of transport
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6
Bulk-Gaining Industry
Produces goods that increase in volume during production
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7
Bulk-Reducing Industry
Produces goods that decrease in volume during production
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8
Core
Powerful, wealthy countries influencing the global economy
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9
Labor Union
Worker organization protecting rights and interests
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10
Least Cost Theory
Alfred Weber's industry location prediction theory
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11
Market
Location for selling goods, expanded by the Internet
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12
Periphery
Underdeveloped countries with minimal global economic influence
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13
Right-to-Work State
US states where union membership isn't mandatory for employment
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14
Sectors of the Economy
Division of jobs based on economic purpose
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15
Semiperiphery
More-wealthy less developed countries influencing global economy
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16
Formal Economy
Legal economic activities monitored by the government
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17
Gender Empowerment Measure
UN statistic measuring gender inequalities
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18
Gender Inequality Index
UN statistic measuring development loss due to gender disparities
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19
Gross Domestic Product
Monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country
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20
Gross National Income
Monetary value of goods and services by citizens in and out of the country
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21
Gross National Product
Monetary value of goods and services by country residents
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22
Human Development Index
UN metric assessing a country's economic development
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23
Informal Economy
Untaxed, unmonitored economic activities
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24
Literacy Rate
Percentage of people able to read and write in an area
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25
Nonrenewable Energy
Depletable energy sources like fossil fuels
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26
Renewable Energy
Sustainable energy sources like wind or solar power
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27
Dependency Theory
MDC wealth at the expense of LDCs
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28
Microloans
Small, low-interest loans for new businesses
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29
Commodity Dependence
Economic reliance on a single product
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30
Comparative Advantage
Efficient economic activity execution compared to others
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31
Complementarity
Regions satisfying each other's demands through trade
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32
European Union
European supranational organization promoting trade and unity
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33
Free Trade Agreement
Treaty eliminating tariffs between countries
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34
International Monetary Fund
Global economic stability promoter and LDC supporter
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35
Mercosur
South American trade improvement supranational organization
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36
Neoliberal Policies
Economic rules for sustained growth and free markets
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37
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Oil supply stabilization supranational organization
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38
Tariff
Tax on foreign goods to promote local purchases
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39
World Trade Organization
Global trade rules and dispute resolution organization
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40
Agglomeration
Benefits of companies clustering together
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41
Deindustrialization
Industrial decline due to cheaper labor elsewhere
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42
Export Processing Zone
LDC regions with tax breaks for export-focused production
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43
Foreign Direct Investment
Investment in another country's business interests
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44
Fordist Production
Mass production with specialized worker tasks
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45
Free Trade Zone
LDC areas with waived tariffs to attract MNC investments
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46
Growth Pole
High-tech industry stimulating economic growth
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47
International Division of Labor
Manufacturing shift from advanced to developing countries
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48
Just-in-Time Delivery
Inventory strategy to minimize storage costs
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49
Maquiladora
Mexican factory producing goods for export
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50
Multiplier Effects
Increased spending leading to greater national income
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51
Outsourcing
Company operations transfer to external entities or locations
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52
Post-Fordist Production
Flexible work rules adoption by companies
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53
Special Economic Zone
Area with unique trade laws to attract foreign investment
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54
Ecotourism
Tourism supporting conservation efforts in natural environments
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55
Mass Consumption
Large-scale purchase of standardized products or services
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56
Natural Resource Depletion
Consuming resources faster than they can replenish
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57
Sustainable Development
Economic growth without rapid natural resource depletion
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58
Textile
Fabric or woven material
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59
Vertical Integration
Different companies in a manufacturing process combining
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60
Nonbasic Industries
Companies selling goods mainly within a local area
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61
Basic Industries
Companies selling goods mainly outside the local area
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62
Post-modern architecture
Architectural style breaking modern architecture rules
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63
Boomburbs
Rapidly growing suburban city with major city size
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64
Exurbs
Area outside dense suburbs with economic ties
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65
Megacity
Metropolitan area with over 10 million population
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66
Rank-size rule
Population ratio between largest and nth city
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67
Central business district
Main business area of a town or city
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68
Multiple nuclei model
City model with individual nodes attracting activities
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69
Latin American city model
Wealthy residential zones expanding from the center
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70
De facto segregation
Organic racial segregation without legal enforcement
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71
Mixed land use
Blending residential, commercial, and other uses
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72
Smart growth
Planned urban development for reduced environmental impact
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73
Combined statistical area
Area with linked MSAs and µSAs
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74
Blockbusting
Real estate tactic exploiting fear of demographic change
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75
Gentrification
Renovating low-income housing to increase value
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76
Redlining
Refusing loans based on poverty, now illegal
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77
Slum
Heavily populated poor area with substandard housing
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78
Urban renewal
Redevelopment of city areas, often slums
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79
Brownfields
Formerly industrial sites perceived as environmentally contaminated
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80
Public housing
Government-subsidized housing for low-income individuals
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81
Site
Location description based on physical surroundings
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82
Urbanization
Population shift from rural to urban areas
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83
Edge city
Large urban area on city outskirts near major road
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84
Suburbanization
Population shift from urban areas to suburbs
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85
Primate city
Largest city disproportionately larger than others in region
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86
Range
Maximum distance people travel for a service
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87
Market area
Zone containing potential customers for a firm
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88
Yield
Amount of agricultural product produced in a cultivation area
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89
Transhumance
Seasonal movement of flocks for grazing
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90
Extensive agriculture
Uses little labor on large land
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91
Intensive agriculture
Uses much labor on small land
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92
Market gardening
Small-scale crop production for local sale
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93
Nomadic herding
Traveling with animals for grazing
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94
Ranching
Livestock agriculture over large areas
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95
Shifting cultivation
Cutting vegetation for soil nourishment, moving periodically
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96
Tropical climate
Warm, high-precipitation areas near the equator
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97
Base line
Principal east-west line for land surveys
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98
Clustered settlement
Houses close to each other's fields
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99
Linear settlement
Long, narrow settlement along a river or road
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100
Metes and bounds
Land parcel description system
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